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表 C.1 列出了在 SQL 标准以及 PostgreSQL 9.1.24 中被视为关键字的所有词元。背景信息可参见 第 4.1.1 节。
SQL 区分保留关键字和非保留关键字。根据标准，保留关键字才是真正的关键字，它们绝不允许作为标识符使用。非保留关键字只在特定上下文中具有特殊含义，在其他上下文中则可以作为标识符使用。大多数非保留关键字实际上是 SQL 规定的内置表和内置函数名称。非保留关键字这一概念，本质上只是为了声明某个词在某些上下文中附带了预定义含义。
在PostgreSQL解析器中，情况要更复杂一些。这里的词元分属若干不同类别，从绝不能用作标识符的词元，到在解析器中完全没有特殊地位、只是被当作普通标识符处理的词元都有。（后一类通常就是 SQL 规定的函数名。）即使是保留关键字，在PostgreSQL中也不是绝对保留的，它们仍然可以用作列标签（例如SELECT 55 AS CHECK，尽管CHECK是一个保留关键字）。
在表 C.1中针对PostgreSQL的那一列里，我们把解析器明确识别、但又允许作为列名或表名的那些关键字归类为“非保留”。某些原本属于非保留的关键字不能用作函数名或数据类型名，因此会另外加以标记。（这类词大多表示具有特殊语法的内置函数或数据类型。函数或类型本身仍然可用，但用户不能重新定义它们。）不允许作为列名或表名的词元则标为“保留”。有些保留关键字仍允许作为函数名或数据类型名，这一点也会在表中标出。如果没有这样的标记，保留关键字就只允许作为“AS”列标签名使用。
一般来说，如果你在某条命令中把这里列出的关键字当作标识符使用，并因此遇到意外的解析器错误，应尝试为该标识符加上引号，看看问题是否消失。
在研读表 C.1之前，有一点非常重要：某个关键字在PostgreSQL中不被保留，并不意味着与该词相关的特性尚未实现；反过来，某个关键字的存在也不意味着相应特性一定存在。
表 C.1. SQL 关键字
| Key Word | PostgreSQL | SQL:2008 | SQL:2003 | SQL:1999 | SQL-92 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
ABORT |
non-reserved | ||||
ABS |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
ABSENT |
non-reserved | ||||
ABSOLUTE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ACCESS |
non-reserved | ||||
ACCORDING |
non-reserved | ||||
ACTION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ADA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
ADD |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ADMIN |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
AFTER |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
AGGREGATE |
non-reserved | reserved | |||
ALIAS |
reserved | ||||
ALL |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ALLOCATE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ALSO |
non-reserved | ||||
ALTER |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ALWAYS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ANALYSE |
reserved | ||||
ANALYZE |
reserved | ||||
AND |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ANY |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ARE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ARRAY |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ARRAY_AGG |
reserved | ||||
AS |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ASC |
reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ASENSITIVE |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
ASSERTION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ASSIGNMENT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
ASYMMETRIC |
reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
AT |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ATOMIC |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
ATTRIBUTE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ATTRIBUTES |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
AUTHORIZATION |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
AVG |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
BACKWARD |
non-reserved | ||||
BASE64 |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
BEFORE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
BEGIN |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
BERNOULLI |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
BETWEEN |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
BIGINT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
BINARY |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
BIT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
BITVAR |
non-reserved | ||||
BIT_LENGTH |
non-reserved | reserved | |||
BLOB |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
BLOCKED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
BOM |
non-reserved | ||||
BOOLEAN |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
BOTH |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
BREADTH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
BY |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
C |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CACHE |
non-reserved | ||||
CALL |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
CALLED |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
CARDINALITY |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
CASCADE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CASCADED |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CASE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CAST |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CATALOG |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CATALOG_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CEIL |
reserved | reserved | |||
CEILING |
reserved | reserved | |||
CHAIN |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CHAR |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CHARACTER |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CHARACTERISTICS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
CHARACTERS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
CHARACTER_LENGTH |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CHARACTER_SET_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CHAR_LENGTH |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
CHECK |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CHECKED |
non-reserved | ||||
CHECKPOINT |
non-reserved | ||||
CLASS |
non-reserved | reserved | |||
CLASS_ORIGIN |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CLOB |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
CLOSE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CLUSTER |
non-reserved | ||||
COALESCE |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
COBOL |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COLLATE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
COLLATION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
COLLATION_CATALOG |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COLLATION_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COLLATION_SCHEMA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COLLECT |
reserved | reserved | |||
COLUMN |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
COLUMNS |
non-reserved | ||||
COLUMN_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COMMAND_FUNCTION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
COMMENT |
non-reserved | ||||
COMMENTS |
non-reserved | ||||
COMMIT |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
COMMITTED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
COMPLETION |
reserved | ||||
CONCURRENTLY |
reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
CONDITION |
reserved | reserved | |||
CONDITION_NUMBER |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONFIGURATION |
non-reserved | ||||
CONNECT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
CONNECTION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CONNECTION_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONSTRAINT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CONSTRAINTS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONSTRAINT_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONSTRUCTOR |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
CONTAINS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
CONTENT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
CONTINUE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CONTROL |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
CONVERSION |
non-reserved | ||||
CONVERT |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
COPY |
non-reserved | ||||
CORR |
reserved | reserved | |||
CORRESPONDING |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
COST |
non-reserved | ||||
COUNT |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
COVAR_POP |
reserved | reserved | |||
COVAR_SAMP |
reserved | reserved | |||
CREATE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CROSS |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CSV |
non-reserved | ||||
CUBE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
CUME_DIST |
reserved | reserved | |||
CURRENT |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_CATALOG |
reserved | reserved | |||
CURRENT_DATE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP |
reserved | reserved | |||
CURRENT_PATH |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
CURRENT_ROLE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
CURRENT_SCHEMA |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | |||
CURRENT_TIME |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE |
reserved | reserved | |||
CURRENT_USER |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURSOR |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURSOR_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CYCLE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DATA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | non-reserved |
DATABASE |
non-reserved | ||||
DATALINK |
reserved | reserved | |||
DATE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
DAY |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DB |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
DEALLOCATE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEC |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DECIMAL |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DECLARE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEFAULT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEFAULTS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
DEFERRABLE |
reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEFERRED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEFINED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
DEFINER |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
DEGREE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
DELETE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DELIMITER |
non-reserved | ||||
DELIMITERS |
non-reserved | ||||
DENSE_RANK |
reserved | reserved | |||
DEPTH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
DEREF |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
DERIVED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
DESC |
reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
DESCRIBE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DESCRIPTOR |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DESTROY |
reserved | ||||
DESTRUCTOR |
reserved | ||||
DETERMINISTIC |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
DIAGNOSTICS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DICTIONARY |
non-reserved | reserved | |||
DISABLE |
non-reserved | ||||
DISCARD |
non-reserved | ||||
DISCONNECT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DISPATCH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
DISTINCT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DLNEWCOPY |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLPREVIOUSCOPY |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLCOMPLETE |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLCOMPLETEONLY |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLPATH |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLPATHONLY |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLPATHWRITE |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLSCHEME |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLSERVER |
reserved | reserved | |||
DLVALUE |
reserved | reserved | |||
DO |
reserved | ||||
DOCUMENT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
DOMAIN |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
DOUBLE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DROP |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DYNAMIC |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
EACH |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ELEMENT |
reserved | reserved | |||
ELSE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EMPTY |
non-reserved | ||||
ENABLE |
non-reserved | ||||
ENCODING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
ENCRYPTED |
non-reserved | ||||
END |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
END-EXEC |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ENUM |
non-reserved | ||||
EQUALS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
ESCAPE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EVERY |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
EXCEPT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EXCEPTION |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
EXCLUDE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
EXCLUDING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
EXCLUSIVE |
non-reserved | ||||
EXEC |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
EXECUTE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EXISTING |
non-reserved | ||||
EXISTS |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
EXP |
reserved | reserved | |||
EXPLAIN |
non-reserved | ||||
EXTENSION |
non-reserved | ||||
EXTERNAL |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EXTRACT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
FALSE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FAMILY |
non-reserved | ||||
FETCH |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FILE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
FILTER |
reserved | reserved | |||
FINAL |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
FIRST |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
FIRST_VALUE |
reserved | ||||
FLAG |
non-reserved | ||||
FLOAT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FLOOR |
reserved | reserved | |||
FOLLOWING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
FOR |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FORCE |
non-reserved | ||||
FOREIGN |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FORTRAN |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
FORWARD |
non-reserved | ||||
FOUND |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
FREE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
FREEZE |
reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
FROM |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
FULL |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FUNCTION |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
FUNCTIONS |
non-reserved | ||||
FUSION |
reserved | reserved | |||
G |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
GENERAL |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
GENERATED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
GET |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
GLOBAL |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
GO |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
GOTO |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
GRANT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
GRANTED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
GREATEST |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | ||||
GROUP |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
GROUPING |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
HANDLER |
non-reserved | ||||
HAVING |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
HEADER |
non-reserved | ||||
HEX |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
HIERARCHY |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
HOLD |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
HOST |
reserved | ||||
HOUR |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ID |
non-reserved | ||||
IDENTITY |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
IF |
non-reserved | ||||
IGNORE |
non-reserved | reserved | |||
ILIKE |
reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
IMMEDIATE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
IMMUTABLE |
non-reserved | ||||
IMPLEMENTATION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
IMPLICIT |
non-reserved | ||||
IMPORT |
reserved | reserved | |||
IN |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INCLUDING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
INCREMENT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
INDENT |
non-reserved | ||||
INDEX |
non-reserved | ||||
INDEXES |
non-reserved | ||||
INDICATOR |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
INFIX |
non-reserved | ||||
INHERIT |
non-reserved | ||||
INHERITS |
non-reserved | ||||
INITIALIZE |
reserved | ||||
INITIALLY |
reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
INLINE |
non-reserved | ||||
INNER |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INOUT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
INPUT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
INSENSITIVE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
INSERT |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INSTANCE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
INSTANTIABLE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
INSTEAD |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
INT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INTEGER |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INTEGRITY |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
INTERSECT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INTERSECTION |
reserved | reserved | |||
INTERVAL |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INTO |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INVOKER |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
IS |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ISNULL |
reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
ISOLATION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ITERATE |
reserved | ||||
JOIN |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
K |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
KEY |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
KEY_MEMBER |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
KEY_TYPE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
LABEL |
non-reserved | ||||
LAG |
reserved | ||||
LANGUAGE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LARGE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
LAST |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
LAST_VALUE |
reserved | ||||
LATERAL |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
LC_COLLATE |
non-reserved | ||||
LC_CTYPE |
non-reserved | ||||
LEAD |
reserved | ||||
LEADING |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LEAST |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | ||||
LEFT |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LENGTH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
LESS |
reserved | ||||
LEVEL |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
LIBRARY |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
LIKE |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LIKE_REGEX |
reserved | ||||
LIMIT |
reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
LINK |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
LISTEN |
non-reserved | ||||
LN |
reserved | reserved | |||
LOAD |
non-reserved | ||||
LOCAL |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LOCALTIME |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
LOCALTIMESTAMP |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
LOCATION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
LOCATOR |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
LOCK |
non-reserved | ||||
LOWER |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
M |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
MAP |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
MAPPING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
MATCH |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
MATCHED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
MAX |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
MAXVALUE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
MAX_CARDINALITY |
reserved | ||||
MEMBER |
reserved | reserved | |||
MERGE |
reserved | reserved | |||
MESSAGE_LENGTH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
MESSAGE_TEXT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
METHOD |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
MIN |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
MINUTE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
MINVALUE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
MOD |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
MODE |
non-reserved | ||||
MODIFIES |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
MODIFY |
reserved | ||||
MODULE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
MONTH |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
MORE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
MOVE |
non-reserved | ||||
MULTISET |
reserved | reserved | |||
MUMPS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NAMES |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
NAMESPACE |
non-reserved | ||||
NATIONAL |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NATURAL |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NCHAR |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NCLOB |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
NESTING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
NEW |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
NEXT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
NFC |
non-reserved | ||||
NFD |
non-reserved | ||||
NFKC |
non-reserved | ||||
NFKD |
non-reserved | ||||
NIL |
non-reserved | ||||
NO |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NONE |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
NORMALIZE |
reserved | reserved | |||
NORMALIZED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
NOT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NOTHING |
non-reserved | ||||
NOTIFY |
non-reserved | ||||
NOTNULL |
reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
NOWAIT |
non-reserved | ||||
NTH_VALUE |
reserved | ||||
NTILE |
reserved | ||||
NULL |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NULLABLE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
NULLIF |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
NULLS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
NUMBER |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
NUMERIC |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
OBJECT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
OCCURRENCES_REGEX |
reserved | ||||
OCTETS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
OCTET_LENGTH |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
OF |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
OFF |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
OFFSET |
reserved | reserved | |||
OIDS |
non-reserved | ||||
OLD |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
ON |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ONLY |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
OPEN |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
OPERATION |
reserved | ||||
OPERATOR |
non-reserved | ||||
OPTION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
OPTIONS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
OR |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ORDER |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ORDERING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
ORDINALITY |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
OTHERS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
OUT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
OUTER |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
OUTPUT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
OVER |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
OVERLAPS |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
OVERLAY |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
OVERRIDING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
OWNED |
non-reserved | ||||
OWNER |
non-reserved | ||||
P |
non-reserved | ||||
PAD |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
PARAMETER |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
PARAMETERS |
reserved | ||||
PARAMETER_MODE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARSER |
non-reserved | ||||
PARTIAL |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PARTITION |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
PASCAL |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
PASSING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
PASSTHROUGH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
PASSWORD |
non-reserved | ||||
PATH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
PERCENTILE_CONT |
reserved | reserved | |||
PERCENTILE_DISC |
reserved | reserved | |||
PERCENT_RANK |
reserved | reserved | |||
PERMISSION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
PLACING |
reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PLANS |
non-reserved | ||||
PLI |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
POSITION |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
POSITION_REGEX |
reserved | ||||
POSTFIX |
reserved | ||||
POWER |
reserved | reserved | |||
PRECEDING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PRECISION |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
PREFIX |
reserved | ||||
PREORDER |
reserved | ||||
PREPARE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
PREPARED |
non-reserved | ||||
PRESERVE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PRIMARY |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
PRIOR |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PRIVILEGES |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PROCEDURAL |
non-reserved | ||||
PROCEDURE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
PUBLIC |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
QUOTE |
non-reserved | ||||
RANGE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
RANK |
reserved | reserved | |||
READ |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
READS |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
REAL |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
REASSIGN |
non-reserved | ||||
RECHECK |
non-reserved | ||||
RECOVERY |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
RECURSIVE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
REF |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
REFERENCES |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
REFERENCING |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
REGR_AVGX |
reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_AVGY |
reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_COUNT |
reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_INTERCEPT |
reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_R2 |
reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_SLOPE |
reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_SXX |
reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_SXY |
reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_SYY |
reserved | reserved | |||
REINDEX |
non-reserved | ||||
RELATIVE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
RELEASE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
RENAME |
non-reserved | ||||
REPEATABLE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
REPLACE |
non-reserved | ||||
REPLICA |
non-reserved | ||||
REQUIRING |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
RESET |
non-reserved | ||||
RESPECT |
non-reserved | ||||
RESTART |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
RESTORE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
RESTRICT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
RESULT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
RETURN |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
RETURNED_CARDINALITY |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
RETURNED_LENGTH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
RETURNED_SQLSTATE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
RETURNING |
reserved | non-reserved | |||
RETURNS |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
REVOKE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
RIGHT |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ROLE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
ROLLBACK |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ROLLUP |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
ROUTINE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
ROUTINE_CATALOG |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ROUTINE_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ROUTINE_SCHEMA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ROW |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ROWS |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ROW_COUNT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
ROW_NUMBER |
reserved | reserved | |||
RULE |
non-reserved | ||||
SAVEPOINT |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SCALE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SCHEMA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
SCHEMA_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SCOPE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SCOPE_CATALOG |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
SCOPE_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
SCOPE_SCHEMA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
SCROLL |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SEARCH |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SECOND |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SECTION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SECURITY |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SELECT |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SELECTIVE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
SELF |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SENSITIVE |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
SEQUENCE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
SEQUENCES |
non-reserved | ||||
SERIALIZABLE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SERVER |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SERVER_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SESSION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
SESSION_USER |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SET |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SETOF |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | ||||
SETS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
SHARE |
non-reserved | ||||
SHOW |
non-reserved | ||||
SIMILAR |
reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
SIMPLE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SIZE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SMALLINT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SOME |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SOURCE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SPACE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SPECIFIC |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SPECIFICTYPE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SPECIFIC_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SQL |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SQLCODE |
reserved | ||||
SQLERROR |
reserved | ||||
SQLEXCEPTION |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SQLSTATE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SQLWARNING |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SQRT |
reserved | reserved | |||
STABLE |
non-reserved | ||||
STANDALONE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
START |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
STATE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
STATEMENT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
STATIC |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
STATISTICS |
non-reserved | ||||
STDDEV_POP |
reserved | reserved | |||
STDDEV_SAMP |
reserved | reserved | |||
STDIN |
non-reserved | ||||
STDOUT |
non-reserved | ||||
STORAGE |
non-reserved | ||||
STRICT |
non-reserved | ||||
STRIP |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
STRUCTURE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
STYLE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SUBLIST |
non-reserved | ||||
SUBMULTISET |
reserved | reserved | |||
SUBSTRING |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
SUBSTRING_REGEX |
reserved | ||||
SUM |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
SYMMETRIC |
reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
SYSID |
non-reserved | ||||
SYSTEM |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
SYSTEM_USER |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
T |
non-reserved | ||||
TABLE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TABLES |
non-reserved | ||||
TABLESAMPLE |
reserved | reserved | |||
TABLESPACE |
non-reserved | ||||
TABLE_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
TEMP |
non-reserved | ||||
TEMPLATE |
non-reserved | ||||
TEMPORARY |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
TERMINATE |
reserved | ||||
TEXT |
non-reserved | ||||
THAN |
reserved | ||||
THEN |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TIES |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
TIME |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TIMESTAMP |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TO |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TOKEN |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
TOP_LEVEL_COUNT |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
TRAILING |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TRANSACTION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSACTION_ACTIVE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSFORM |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSFORMS |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSLATE |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
TRANSLATE_REGEX |
reserved | ||||
TRANSLATION |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TREAT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TRIGGER |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TRIGGER_CATALOG |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRIGGER_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRIGGER_SCHEMA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRIM |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
TRIM_ARRAY |
reserved | ||||
TRUE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TRUNCATE |
non-reserved | reserved | |||
TRUSTED |
non-reserved | ||||
TYPE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UESCAPE |
reserved | reserved | |||
UNBOUNDED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
UNCOMMITTED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UNDER |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
UNENCRYPTED |
non-reserved | ||||
UNION |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
UNIQUE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
UNKNOWN |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
UNLINK |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
UNLISTEN |
non-reserved | ||||
UNLOGGED |
non-reserved | ||||
UNNAMED |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
UNNEST |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
UNTIL |
non-reserved | ||||
UNTYPED |
non-reserved | ||||
UPDATE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
UPPER |
reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
URI |
non-reserved | ||||
USAGE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
USER |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CODE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
USING |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VACUUM |
non-reserved | ||||
VALID |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
VALIDATE |
non-reserved | ||||
VALIDATOR |
non-reserved | ||||
VALUE |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VALUES |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VARBINARY |
reserved | ||||
VARCHAR |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VARIABLE |
reserved | ||||
VARIADIC |
reserved | ||||
VARYING |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VAR_POP |
reserved | reserved | |||
VAR_SAMP |
reserved | reserved | |||
VERBOSE |
reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
VERSION |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
VIEW |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
VOLATILE |
non-reserved | ||||
WHEN |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
WHENEVER |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
WHERE |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
WHITESPACE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
WIDTH_BUCKET |
reserved | reserved | |||
WINDOW |
reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
WITH |
reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
WITHIN |
reserved | reserved | |||
WITHOUT |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
WORK |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
WRAPPER |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
WRITE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
XML |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLAGG |
reserved | reserved | |||
XMLATTRIBUTES |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLBINARY |
reserved | reserved | |||
XMLCAST |
reserved | ||||
XMLCOMMENT |
reserved | reserved | |||
XMLCONCAT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLDECLARATION |
non-reserved | ||||
XMLDOCUMENT |
reserved | ||||
XMLELEMENT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLEXISTS |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | |||
XMLFOREST |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLITERATE |
reserved | ||||
XMLNAMESPACES |
reserved | reserved | |||
XMLPARSE |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLPI |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLQUERY |
reserved | ||||
XMLROOT |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | |||
XMLSCHEMA |
non-reserved | ||||
XMLSERIALIZE |
non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLTABLE |
reserved | ||||
XMLTEXT |
reserved | ||||
XMLVALIDATE |
reserved | ||||
YEAR |
non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
YES |
non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
ZONE |
non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
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