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"datatype-datetime.html": "e366275d8b13845bfa4ef0d68faa093e5f3ecb708a1ec870cbcbf7e425b85699", "datatype-character.html": "c73eebe413ea709a7792e4cfc3cfe9fb68cb496ebe83c3ebaa9d09f8c40d0f73", "datatype-geometric.html": "0eb3053cfe7d6b0a4b5592c5d7af8d97cae527e87f063c5793413bcba5c14cd9", "datatype-net-types.html": "96846e641cc37727ddcd8b8a1aa0dbe33cd9787760a2b4efb0dcb9403d5be63f", "datatype-textsearch.html": "4b15e05be8b49a71b28aea22f2c46d0dbf639a91e7b4fe129a4c737c6daad47c"}, "source_sha256": "555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"}, "sources": [{"url": "https://pg.center/docs/18/datatype-net-types.html", "path": "datatype-net-types.html", "label": "PostgreSQL 18 English manual", "sha256": "96846e641cc37727ddcd8b8a1aa0dbe33cd9787760a2b4efb0dcb9403d5be63f", "language": "en", "original_url": "/docs/18/datatype-net-types.html"}, {"url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2", "label": "Matching PostgreSQL source archive", "sha256": "555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"}], "coverage": "source inventory; exact declared input types for operator classes", "sections": [], "operators": [{"oid": "3362", "descr": "equal", "oprcom": "=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_eq", "oprjoin": "eqjoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "=", "oprrest": "eqsel", "oprowner": "POSTGRES", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "<>(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "t", "oprcanmerge": "t", "oprnamespace": "pg_catalog"}, {"oid": "3363", "descr": "not equal", "oprcom": "<>(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_ne", "oprjoin": "neqjoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "<>", "oprrest": "neqsel", "oprowner": "POSTGRES", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f", "oprnamespace": "pg_catalog"}, {"oid": "3364", "descr": "less than", "oprcom": ">(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_lt", "oprjoin": "scalarltjoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "<", "oprrest": "scalarltsel", "oprowner": "POSTGRES", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": ">=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f", "oprnamespace": "pg_catalog"}, {"oid": "3365", "descr": "less than or equal", "oprcom": ">=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_le", "oprjoin": "scalarlejoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "<=", "oprrest": "scalarlesel", "oprowner": "POSTGRES", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": ">(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f", "oprnamespace": "pg_catalog"}, {"oid": "3366", "descr": "greater than", "oprcom": "<(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_gt", "oprjoin": "scalargtjoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": ">", "oprrest": "scalargtsel", "oprowner": "POSTGRES", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "<=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f", "oprnamespace": "pg_catalog"}, {"oid": "3367", "descr": "greater than or equal", "oprcom": "<=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_ge", "oprjoin": "scalargejoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": ">=", "oprrest": "scalargesel", "oprowner": "POSTGRES", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "<(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f", "oprnamespace": "pg_catalog"}, {"oid": "3368", "descr": "bitwise not", "oprcom": "0", "oprcode": "macaddr8_not", "oprjoin": "-", "oprkind": "l", "oprleft": "0", "oprname": "~", "oprrest": "-", "oprowner": "POSTGRES", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "0", "oprresult": "macaddr8", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f", "oprnamespace": "pg_catalog"}, {"oid": "3369", "descr": "bitwise and", "oprcom": "0", "oprcode": "macaddr8_and", "oprjoin": "-", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "&", "oprrest": "-", "oprowner": "POSTGRES", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "0", "oprresult": "macaddr8", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f", "oprnamespace": "pg_catalog"}, {"oid": "3370", "descr": "bitwise or", "oprcom": "0", "oprcode": "macaddr8_or", "oprjoin": "-", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "|", "oprrest": "-", "oprowner": "POSTGRES", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "0", "oprresult": "macaddr8", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f", "oprnamespace": "pg_catalog"}], "signature": "macaddr8", "description": ["MAC（媒体访问控制）地址（EUI-64 格式）"], "manual_html": "
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8.9. 网络地址类型

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PostgreSQL 提供了用于存储 IPv4、IPv6 和 MAC 地址的数据类型，如表 8.21所示。使用这些数据类型来存储网络地址，比使用纯文本类型更好，因为它们提供了输入错误检查以及专门的操作符和函数（见第 9.12 节）。

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表 8.21. 网络地址类型

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名字存储大小说明
cidr7 或 19 字节IPv4 和 IPv6 网络
inet7 或 19 字节IPv4和IPv6主机以及网络
macaddr6 字节MAC地址
macaddr88 字节MAC 地址（EUI-64 格式）
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对 inet 或 cidr 排序时，IPv4 地址始终排在 IPv6 地址之前；IPv4 地址封装或映射成的 IPv6 地址也包含在后者中，例如 ::10.2.3.4 或 ::ffff:10.4.3.2。

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8.9.1. inet

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inet 在一个字段中保存 IPv4 或 IPv6 主机地址，以及可选的子网信息。子网由主机地址中包含的网络地址位数（即“网络掩码”）表示。如果网络掩码为 32 且地址是 IPv4，那么该值表示的不是子网，而只是单个主机。在 IPv6 中，地址长度为 128 位，因此 128 位表示一个唯一的主机地址。请注意，如果你只想接受网络地址，应使用 cidr 类型，而不是 inet。

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该类型的输入格式为 address/y，其中 address 是 IPv4 或 IPv6 地址，而 y 是网络掩码中的位数。如果省略 /y 部分，则 IPv4 的网络掩码取 32，IPv6 的网络掩码取 128，因此该值表示单个主机。显示时，如果 /y 部分表示的是单个主机，则它不会被显示出来。

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8.9.2. cidr

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cidr 类型保存 IPv4 或 IPv6 网络说明。输入和输出格式遵循无类别域间路由（CIDR）约定。指定网络的格式为 address/y，其中 address 是网络最低地址的 IPv4 或 IPv6 表示，而 y 是网络掩码中的位数。如果省略 y，则会按照旧式的分类网络编号系统假设来计算，但至少会大到足以覆盖输入中写出的所有八位组。若指定的网络地址在所给网络掩码右侧仍有置位比特，则会报错。

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表 8.22展示了一些示例。

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表 8.22. cidr类型输入示例

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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
cidr输入cidr输出abbrev(cidr)
192.168.100.128/25192.168.100.128/25192.168.100.128/25
192.168/24192.168.0.0/24192.168.0/24
192.168/25192.168.0.0/25192.168.0.0/25
192.168.1192.168.1.0/24192.168.1/24
192.168192.168.0.0/24192.168.0/24
128.1128.1.0.0/16128.1/16
128128.0.0.0/16128.0/16
128.1.2128.1.2.0/24128.1.2/24
10.1.210.1.2.0/2410.1.2/24
10.110.1.0.0/1610.1/16
1010.0.0.0/810/8
10.1.2.3/3210.1.2.3/3210.1.2.3/32
2001:4f8:3:ba::/642001:4f8:3:ba::/642001:4f8:3:ba/64
2001:4f8:3:ba:​2e0:81ff:fe22:d1f1/1282001:4f8:3:ba:​2e0:81ff:fe22:d1f1/1282001:4f8:3:ba:​2e0:81ff:fe22:d1f1/128
::ffff:1.2.3.0/120::ffff:1.2.3.0/120::ffff:1.2.3/120
::ffff:1.2.3.0/128::ffff:1.2.3.0/128::ffff:1.2.3.0/128
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8.9.3. inet 与 cidr

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inet 和 cidr 两种数据类型的本质区别在于：inet 接受网络掩码右侧仍含有非零位的值，而 cidr 不接受。例如，192.168.0.1/24 对 inet 是有效的，但对 cidr 无效。

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提示

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如果你不喜欢 inet 或 cidr 值的输出格式，可以试试 host、text 和 abbrev 函数。

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8.9.4. macaddr

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macaddr类型存储 MAC 地址，例如以太网卡硬件地址（尽管 MAC 地址还用于其它用途）。可以接受下列格式的输入：

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'08:00:2b:01:02:03'
'08-00-2b-01-02-03'
'08002b:010203'
'08002b-010203'
'0800.2b01.0203'
'0800-2b01-0203'
'08002b010203'
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这些示例都指定同一个地址，数字 a 到 f 可使用大写或小写。输出始终采用所示的第一种格式。

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IEEE Standard 802-2001 将所示的第二种形式（使用连字符）规定为 MAC 地址的规范形式，将第一种形式（使用冒号）规定为按位反转、最高有效位优先的表示形式，因此 08-00-2b-01-02-03 = 10:00:D4:80:40:C0。如今，这一约定已普遍被忽略，只与过时的网络协议（如令牌环）有关。PostgreSQL 不作位反转处理；所有接受的格式都使用规范的最低有效位（LSB）顺序。

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剩下的五种输入格式不属于任何标准。

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8.9.5. macaddr8

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macaddr8 存储 EUI-64 格式的 MAC 地址，例如以太网卡的硬件地址，但 MAC 地址也有其他用途。此类型接受长度为 6 或 8 字节的 MAC 地址，并统一以 8 字节格式存储。6 字节输入转换为 8 字节存储时，第 4 和第 5 字节分别设为 FF 和 FE。IPv6 使用修改后的 EUI-64 格式，从 EUI-48 转换后应将第 7 位设为一，可使用 macaddr8_set7bit 函数完成此操作。一般而言，输入由成对的十六进制数字组成，每对对应一个字节，可选择始终使用同一种分隔符 ':'、'-' 或 '.'。十六进制数字必须有 16 个（8 字节）或 12 个（6 字节）。开头和结尾的空白会被忽略。以下是可接受的输入格式示例：

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'08:00:2b:01:02:03:04:05'
'08-00-2b-01-02-03-04-05'
'08002b:0102030405'
'08002b-0102030405'
'0800.2b01.0203.0405'
'0800-2b01-0203-0405'
'08002b01:02030405'
'08002b0102030405'
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这些示例都指定同一个地址，数字 a 到 f 可使用大写或小写。输出始终采用所示的第一种格式。

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上述的后六种输入格式不属于任何标准。

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要将 EUI-48 格式的传统 48 位 MAC 地址转换为修改后的 EUI-64 格式，以便作为 IPv6 地址的主机部分，可使用 macaddr8_set7bit，如下所示：

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SELECT macaddr8_set7bit('08:00:2b:01:02:03');\n\n    macaddr8_set7bit\n-------------------------\n 0a:00:2b:ff:fe:01:02:03\n(1 row)\n\n
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", "manual_path": "datatype-net-types.html", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/18/datatype-money.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "6a3a18c17225f00376744bdae7a7f782102e9a0cce0bc2491e7669a43283455e", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#DATATYPE-MONEY/div[2]/div[1]/table[0]/tbody[2]/tr[0]/td[1]"]}, {"url": "/docs/18/datatype-net-types.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "e04d3ffce2f7b26fd0917911053833388e2d805b7b5b0acba1ea3a0905d83098", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[0]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[10]/p[3]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[10]/p[7]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[11]/p[6]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[11]/p[7]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[1]/dl[0]/dt[2]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[4]/div[1]/table[0]/tbody[2]/tr[1]/td[2]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[4]/div[1]/table[0]/tbody[2]/tr[2]/td[2]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[4]/div[1]/table[0]/thead[1]/tr[0]/th[0]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[4]/p[0]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[7]/p[2]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[7]/p[3]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[8]/div[4]/div[1]/table[0]/thead[1]/tr[0]/th[0]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[8]/div[4]/div[1]/table[0]/thead[1]/tr[0]/th[1]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[8]/div[4]/p[0]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[8]/p[2]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[8]/p[3]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[9]/div[2]/h3[0]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[9]/div[2]/p[1]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/div[9]/p[1]", "#DATATYPE-NET-TYPES/p[3]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/18/description/0": "MAC (Media Access Control) address (EUI-64 format)", "/versions/18/facts/0/label": "Catalog name", "/versions/18/facts/1/label": "Type OID", "/versions/18/facts/2/label": "Type kind", "/versions/18/facts/2/value": "Base type", "/versions/18/facts/3/label": "Declared length", "/versions/18/facts/3/value": "8 bytes", "/versions/18/facts/4/label": "Storage strategy", "/versions/18/facts/5/label": "Input function", "/versions/18/facts/6/label": "Output function", "/versions/18/facts/7/label": "Documented declaration", "/versions/18/facts/8/label": "Storage Size", "/versions/18/facts/8/value": "8 bytes", "/versions/18/facts/9/label": "Manual description", "/versions/18/facts/9/value": "MAC addresses (EUI-64 format)", "/versions/18/related/0/label": "pg_type catalog", "/versions/18/related/1/label": "pg_cast catalog", "/versions/18/related/2/label": "pg_operator catalog", "/versions/18/related/3/label": "pg_opclass catalog", "/versions/18/related/4/label": "Arrays", "/versions/18/related/5/label": "brin index access method", "/versions/18/related/6/label": "btree index access method", "/versions/18/related/7/label": "hash index access method"}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "7d6c9163b75169ae7b92e40f5118c41dd21875fc0511775c40d88b2485526076"}, "comparison_data": {"casts": [{"castfunc": "macaddr", "castmethod": "f", "castsource": "macaddr8", "casttarget": "macaddr", "castcontext": "i"}, {"castfunc": "macaddr8", "castmethod": "f", "castsource": "macaddr", "casttarget": "macaddr8", "castcontext": "i"}], "facts": [{"label": "Catalog name", "value": "pg_catalog.macaddr8"}, {"label": "Declared length", "value": "8 bytes"}, {"label": "Documented declaration", "value": "macaddr8"}, {"label": "Input function", "value": "macaddr8_in"}, {"label": "Output function", "value": "macaddr8_out"}, {"label": "Storage Size", "value": "8 bytes"}, {"label": "Storage strategy", "value": "plain"}, {"label": "Type OID", "value": "774"}, {"label": "Type kind", "value": "Base type"}], "ranges": [], "aliases": [], "catalog": {"typacl": "_null_", "typlen": "8", "typelem": "0", "typname": "macaddr8", "typsend": "macaddr8_send", "typtype": "b", "typalign": "i", "typarray": "_macaddr8", "typbyval": "f", "typdelim": ",", "typinput": "macaddr8_in", "typmodin": "-", "typndims": "0", "typrelid": "0", "typmodout": "-", "typoutput": "macaddr8_out", "typtypmod": "-1", "typanalyze": "-", "typdefault": "_null_", "typnotnull": "f", "typreceive": "macaddr8_recv", "typstorage": "p", "typbasetype": "0", "typcategory": "U", "typcollation": "0", "typisdefined": "t", "typsubscript": "-", "typdefaultbin": "_null_", "typispreferred": "f", "array_type_name": "_macaddr8"}, "operators": [{"oprcom": "0", "oprcode": "macaddr8_and", "oprjoin": "-", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "&", "oprrest": "-", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "0", "oprresult": "macaddr8", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f"}, {"oprcom": "<=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_ge", "oprjoin": "scalargejoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": ">=", "oprrest": "scalargesel", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "<(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f"}, {"oprcom": "<(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_gt", "oprjoin": "scalargtjoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": ">", "oprrest": "scalargtsel", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "<=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f"}, {"oprcom": ">=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_le", "oprjoin": "scalarlejoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "<=", "oprrest": "scalarlesel", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": ">(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f"}, {"oprcom": ">(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_lt", "oprjoin": "scalarltjoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "<", "oprrest": "scalarltsel", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": ">=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f"}, {"oprcom": "<>(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprcode": "macaddr8_ne", "oprjoin": "neqjoinsel", "oprkind": "b", "oprleft": "macaddr8", "oprname": "<>", "oprrest": "neqsel", "oprright": "macaddr8", "oprnegate": "=(macaddr8,macaddr8)", "oprresult": "bool", "oprcanhash": "f", "oprcanmerge": "f"}, {"oprcom": 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