{"kind": "tool", "major": "18", "item": {"slug": "psql", "name": "psql", "name_zh": "", "category": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f", "summary": "psql \u2014 PostgreSQL \u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef", "aliases": ["psql"], "content_hash": "a9d74910d62e06242c930cc9392f1b41242738770257902ec678b3efe768898c", "versions": {"10": {"facts": [{"label": "\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f", "value": "psql"}, {"label": "\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7248\u672c", "value": "10.23"}, {"label": "\u53c2\u8003\u6e05\u5355", "value": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f"}, {"label": "\u9009\u9879\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ec4", "value": "34"}], "tables": [{"key": "options", "rows": [{"summary": "\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cf ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-a --echo-all"}}, {"summary": "\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e \\pset format unaligned \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-A --no-align"}}, {"summary": "\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cf ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a errors \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-b --echo-errors"}}, {"summary": "\u6307\u5b9a psql \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 command \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e -f \u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53 -c \u6216\u8005 -f \u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c psql \u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709 -c \u548c -f \u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-c command --command= command"}}, {"summary": "\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a dbname \u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002 dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f \u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-d dbname --dbname= dbname"}}, {"summary": "\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cf ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a queries \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-e --echo-queries"}}, {"summary": "\u56de\u663e \\d \u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60 psql \u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cf ECHO_HIDDEN \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-E --echo-hidden"}}, {"summary": "\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6 filename \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e -c \u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 -c \u6216 -f \u65f6\uff0c psql \u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709 -c \u548c -f \u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4 \\i \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-f filename --file= filename"}}, {"summary": "\u4f7f\u7528 separator \u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e \\pset fieldsep \u6216\u8005 \\f \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-F separator --field-separator= separator"}}, {"summary": "\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-h hostname --host= hostname"}}, {"summary": "\u5207\u6362\u5230 HTML \u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e \\pset format html \u6216\u8005 \\H \u547d\u4ee4\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-H --html"}}, {"summary": "\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4 \\list \u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-l --list"}}, {"summary": "\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 filename \u4e2d\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-L filename --log-file= filename"}}, {"summary": "\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u526a\u5207\u548c\u7c98\u8d34\u65f6\u5173\u95edTAB \u8865\u5168\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-n --no-readline"}}, {"summary": "\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 filename \u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4 \\o \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-o filename --output= filename"}}, {"summary": "\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-p port --port= port"}}, {"summary": "\u4ee5 \\pset \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a LaTeX \uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210 -P format=latex \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-P assignment --pset= assignment"}}, {"summary": "\u6307\u5b9a psql \u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf QUIET \u4e3a on \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-q --quiet"}}, {"summary": "\u628a separator \u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e \\pset recordsep \u547d\u4ee4\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-R separator --record-separator= separator"}}, {"summary": "\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-s --single-step"}}, {"summary": "\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-S --single-line"}}, {"summary": "\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e \\t \u6216\u8005 \\pset tuples_only \u547d\u4ee4\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-t --tuples-only"}}, {"summary": "\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728 HTML table \u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1 \\pset tableattr \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-T table_options --table-attr= table_options"}}, {"summary": "\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237 username \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-U username --username= username"}}, {"summary": "\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c \\set \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-v assignment --set= assignment --variable= assignment"}}, {"summary": "\u6253\u5370 psql \u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-V --version"}}, {"summary": "\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 .pgpass \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-w --no-password"}}, {"summary": "\u5f3a\u5236 psql \u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-W --password"}}, {"summary": "\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e \\x \u6216\u8005 \\pset expanded \u547d\u4ee4\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-x --expanded"}}, {"summary": "\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684 psqlrc \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684 ~/.psqlrc \u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-X, --no-psqlrc"}}, {"summary": "\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e \\pset fieldsep_zero \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-z --field-separator-zero"}}, {"summary": "\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0e xargs -0 \u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e \\pset recordsep_zero \u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-0 --record-separator-zero"}}, {"summary": "\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a -c \u548c/\u6216 -f \u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 psql \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a BEGIN \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a COMMIT \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-1 --single-transaction"}}, {"summary": "\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173 psql \u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684 topic \u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a options \uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca psql \u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a commands \u63cf\u8ff0 psql \u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b options \u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 psql \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800c variables \u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173 psql \u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002", "signature": {"url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "text": "-? --help[= topic ]"}}], "title": "\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u9879", "columns": [{"key": "signature", "label": "\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570"}, {"key": "summary", "label": "\u8bf4\u660e"}]}, {"key": "environment", "rows": [{"name": "COLUMNS", "description": "\u5982\u679c \\pset columns \u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8e wrapped \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8f93\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u8005\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002"}, {"name": "PAGER", "description": "\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6574\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u503c\u4e3a more \u6216 less \u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 PAGER \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002"}, {"name": "PGDATABASE PGHOST PGPORT PGUSER", "description": "\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1 \u7b2c 33.14 \u8282 \uff09\u3002"}, {"name": "PSQL_EDITOR EDITOR VISUAL", "description": "\\e \u3001 \\ef \u548c \\ev \u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u6309\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e3a vi \uff0c\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e3a notepad.exe \u3002"}, {"name": "PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG", "description": "\u5f53 \\e \u3001 \\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' \u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f + \uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668 vi \uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002"}, {"name": "PSQL_HISTORY", "description": "\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08 ~ \uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002"}, {"name": "PSQLRC", "description": "\u7528\u6237\u7684 .psqlrc \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08 ~ \uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002"}, {"name": "SHELL", "description": "\u88ab \\! \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"}, {"name": "TMPDIR", "description": "\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f /tmp \u3002"}], "title": "\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf", "columns": [{"key": "name", "label": "\u53d8\u91cf"}, {"key": "description", "label": "\u542b\u4e49"}]}], "options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "signature": "-a --echo-all", "source_url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is otherwise aligned.) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "signature": "-A --no-align", "source_url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is otherwise aligned.) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "source_url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "signature": "-c command --command= command", "source_url": "/docs/10/app-psql.html", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single query. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. Also, psql only prints the result of the last SQL command in the string. This is different from the behavior when the same string is read from a file or fed to psql 's standard input, because then psql sends each SQL command separately. Because of this behavior, putting more than one command in a single -c string often has unexpected results. It's better to use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
\n
\n
\n

psql

\n

psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

\n
\n
\n

\u5927\u7eb2

\n
\n

psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8bf4\u660e

\n

psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u9009\u9879

\n
\n
\n
-a
--echo-all
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-A
--no-align
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-b
--echo-errors
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-c command
--command=command
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u9001\u5165psql\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u4e2a -c \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u5916\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6700\u597d\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u9001\u5165 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u7684 here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u526a\u5207\u548c\u7c98\u8d34\u65f6\u5173\u95edTAB \u8865\u5168\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X,
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.15\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a033.17\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (10.23)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

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\n

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\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

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\n

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

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\n

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\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5f53psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002

\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3adirectory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } { from | to } { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | stdout | pstdin | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 \\.\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684 SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caNOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\\d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5217\u663e\u793a\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\\d+\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5404\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728 OID\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u89c6\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u8054\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548ctrigger\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u9002\u5f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528COMMENT SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728GRANT\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[S+] [ pattern ]
\\di[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[S+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcdE\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t\u548cv\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dit\u5217\u51fa\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\des+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684ACL\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\det+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\deu+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dew+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684ACL\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[antwS+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcda\u3001n\u3001t\u6216w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\df+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\u6d4f\u89c8\\df\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dF[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dF+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u548c\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFd+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u4e2d\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFp+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFt+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dg+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\lo_list\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548cREVOKE\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728GRANT\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548cALTER DATABASE\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u89d2\u8272\u4e13\u5c5e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\du+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dx+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dy[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u7167psql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u952e\u5165\\r\u6e05\u7a7a\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88\u5b83\u3002\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8be5\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u811a\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7531\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u672b\u5c3e\u8ddf\u968f\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ filename ]
\\g [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u662f my_table\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ filename ]
\\gx [ |command ]
\n
\n

\n

\\gx\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\g\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\\x\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\h \u6216 \\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[+] \u6216 \\list[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\uff08\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u53ea\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u7528\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709PostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p \u6216 \\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216 x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aunaligned\u3001aligned\u3001wrapped\u3001html\u3001asciidoc\u3001latex\uff08\u4f7f\u7528tabular\uff09\u3001latex-longtable\u6216troff-ms\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u751f\u6548\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u521b\u5efa\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\uff09\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

html\u3001asciidoc\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex-longtable \u8fd8\u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u548cpsql\u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPAGER\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216 T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216 C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216 t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\u8282\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q \u6216 \\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r \u6216 \\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u5c06psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u4e32\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\watch [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4e14\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_HISTORY \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 ~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 %APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history- :DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5165 ~/.psqlrc \u4f1a\u4f7f psql \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\n

\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7531INSERT\u6216\u8005\\lo_import\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u6216\u8005terse\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u660e\u663e\u7684\u63d2\u503c\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u6240\u9009\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u6253\u5370\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

psql\u652f\u6301 Readline \u5e93\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u5728 psql \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 psql \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u4e5f\u652f\u6301 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u8865\u5168\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u4e0d\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f SQL \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002Tab \u8865\u5168\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u4f60\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5165\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u4e3a .inputrc \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5173\u95ed\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f psql \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f Readline \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8f93\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u8005\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6574\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u503c\u4e3amore\u6216less\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u548c\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u6309\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e3avi\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e3anotepad.exe\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u548c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5176\u4ed6PostgreSQL\u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002Windows \u6ca1\u6709\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-9.2\u6216~/.psqlrc-9.2.5\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f Windows \u7684\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u89e3

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 7.4 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

\n

psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u793a\u4f8b

\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5728\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

\n
testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
\n

\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u770b\u770b\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          | \n
\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u4e00\u4e9b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u8981\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep \",\"\nField separator is \",\".\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nShowing only tuples.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\n
\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

\n
testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2 \n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four \n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       | \n     2 |     | f   |       | \n     3 |     |     | t     | \n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

\n
testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb(> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb(> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb(> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 \n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
\n
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"/versions/10/facts/3/label": "Option definition groups", "/versions/10/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/10/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/10/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/10/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is otherwise aligned.) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/10/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/10/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Turn on HTML tabular output. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history. This can be useful to turn off tab expansion when cutting and pasting.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/10/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/10/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/10/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/10/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/10/tables/1/rows/1/description": "If the query results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . The default is platform-dependent. Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PAGER to empty, or by using pager-related options of the \\pset command.", "/versions/10/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 33.14 ).", "/versions/10/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. The built-in default editors are vi on Unix systems and notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/10/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/10/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/10/tables/1/rows/6/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/10/tables/1/rows/7/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/10/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "299f2b216d903b85503c13a32e1743bea252c62bb820a17e91d3ea99875e80f0"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is otherwise aligned.) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single query. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. Also, psql only prints the result of the last SQL command in the string. This is different from the behavior when the same string is read from a file or fed to psql 's standard input, because then psql sends each SQL command separately. Because of this behavior, putting more than one command in a single -c string often has unexpected results. It's better to use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
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psql

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psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

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\u5927\u7eb2

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psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

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\u8bf4\u660e

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psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

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\u9009\u9879

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-a
--echo-all
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\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

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-A
--no-align
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\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

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-b
--echo-errors
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\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

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-c command
--command=command
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a053.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u9001\u5165psql\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u4e2a -c \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u5916\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6700\u597d\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u9001\u5165 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u7684 here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u526a\u5207\u548c\u7c98\u8d34\u65f6\u5173\u95edTAB \u8865\u5168\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X,
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a034.17\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (11.22)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

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\n

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\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

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\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

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\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

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\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

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\n

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\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

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\n

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

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\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5f53psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002

\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3adirectory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } { from | to } { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | stdout | pstdin | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 \\.\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684SQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cCSV\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\\copy ... from\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684\\.\u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u8bb0\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caNOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\\d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5217\u663e\u793a\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\\d+\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5404\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728 OID\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u89c6\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548ctrigger\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u9002\u5f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728GRANT\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[S+] [ pattern ]
\\di[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[S+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcdE\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t\u548cv\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dit\u5217\u51fa\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\des+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684ACL\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\det+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\deu+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dew+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684ACL\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcda\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t\u6216w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\df+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\u6d4f\u89c8\\df\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dF[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dF+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u548c\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFd+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u4e2d\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFp+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFt+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dg+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\lo_list\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548cREVOKE\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728GRANT\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548cALTER DATABASE\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u89d2\u8272\u4e13\u5c5e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\du+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dx+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dy[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u7167psql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u952e\u5165\\r\u6e05\u7a7a\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88\u5b83\u3002\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8be5\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u811a\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7531\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u672b\u5c3e\u8ddf\u968f\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ filename ]
\\g [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u662f my_table\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ filename ]
\\gx [ |command ]
\n
\n

\n

\\gx\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\g\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\\x\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\h \u6216 \\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[+] \u6216 \\list[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\uff08\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u53ea\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u7528\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709PostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p \u6216 \\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216 x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aunaligned\u3001aligned\u3001wrapped\u3001html\u3001asciidoc\u3001latex\uff08\u4f7f\u7528tabular\uff09\u3001latex-longtable\u6216troff-ms\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u751f\u6548\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u521b\u5efa\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\uff09\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

html\u3001asciidoc\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex-longtable \u8fd8\u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u548cpsql\u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216 T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216 C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216 t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\u8282\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q \u6216 \\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r \u6216 \\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u5c06psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u4e32\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\watch [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u52a0\u5206\u53f7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4e00\u9047\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4ecd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1; select 2; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff1a\\;\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u524d\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u672a\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a053.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09psql\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e09\u6761SELECT\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46psql\u53ea\u6253\u53703\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4e14\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_HISTORY \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 ~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 %APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history- :DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5165 ~/.psqlrc \u4f1a\u4f7f psql \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\n

\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7531INSERT\u6216\u8005\\lo_import\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002

\n

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u6216\u8005terse\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u660e\u663e\u7684\u63d2\u503c\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u6240\u9009\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u6253\u5370\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

psql\u652f\u6301 Readline \u5e93\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u5728 psql \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 psql \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u4e5f\u652f\u6301 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u8865\u5168\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u4e0d\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f SQL \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002Tab \u8865\u5168\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u4f60\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5165\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u4e3a .inputrc \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5173\u95ed\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f psql \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f Readline \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8f93\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u8005\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002Windows \u6ca1\u6709\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-9.2\u6216~/.psqlrc-9.2.5\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f Windows \u7684\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

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\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

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\u6ce8\u89e3

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    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 7.4 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

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    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

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    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

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    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

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\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

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psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

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    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

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    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

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\u793a\u4f8b

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

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testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

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testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          | \n
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\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

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testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
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\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n\n
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\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep \",\"\nField separator is \",\".\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nShowing only tuples.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\n
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\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
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\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

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testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2 \n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four \n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       | \n     2 |     | f   |       | \n     3 |     |     | t     | \n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

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testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb(> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb(> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb(> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 \n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
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", "manual_path": "app-psql.html", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/11/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "01339254dd1dc30d095af846d0b6a7c01f96338187a6fbb8cf45290d5941196b", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[13]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[15]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[9]", "#APP-PSQL/div[2]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[3]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[13]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[15]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[15]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[15]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[19]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[21]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[25]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[27]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[29]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[33]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[35]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[37]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[39]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[41]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[41]/div[1]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[41]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[45]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[47]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[49]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[51]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[53]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[53]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[55]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[55]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[57]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[59]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[61]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[63]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[65]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[65]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[67]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[6]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[9]", "#APP-PSQL/div[6]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[6]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[6]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[4]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[6]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[101]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[103]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[103]/p[0]/a[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[103]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[103]/p[4]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[103]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[105]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[107]/div[2]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[107]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[107]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[109]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[111]/div[2]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[111]/p[0]", 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"same-major semantic node", "sha256": "0a406a6e086e54ce46c3b74f89893b67b2dbd5789d94285cd68b4edaff5a1d15", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#INDEXES-INDEX-ONLY-SCANS/p[24]/span[2]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/11/description/0": "psql \u2014 PostgreSQL interactive terminal", "/versions/11/facts/0/label": "Documented executable", "/versions/11/facts/1/label": "Executable version", "/versions/11/facts/2/label": "Reference inventory", "/versions/11/facts/2/value": "Client applications", "/versions/11/facts/3/label": "Option definition groups", "/versions/11/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/11/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/11/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/11/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is otherwise aligned.) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/11/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/11/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Turn on HTML tabular output. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history. This can be useful to turn off tab expansion when cutting and pasting.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/11/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/11/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/11/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/11/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/11/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 34.14 ).", "/versions/11/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/11/tables/1/rows/3/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/11/tables/1/rows/4/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/11/tables/1/rows/5/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/11/tables/1/rows/6/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/11/tables/1/rows/7/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/11/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "b2e449390ae43456067955e1a3e4fd2c1e07dec87e0cd970e3e7a787352420f6"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is otherwise aligned.) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 53.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) Also, psql only prints the result of the last SQL command in the string. This is different from the behavior when the same string is read from a file or fed to psql 's standard input, because then psql sends each SQL command separately. Because of this behavior, putting more than one SQL command in a single -c string often has unexpected results. It's better to use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
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psql

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psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

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\u5927\u7eb2

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psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

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\u8bf4\u660e

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psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

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\u9009\u9879

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-a
--echo-all
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\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

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-A
--no-align
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\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

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-b
--echo-errors
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\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

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-c command
--command=command
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\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

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command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

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psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
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\u6216\u8005

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echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
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\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

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\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a052.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u9001\u5165psql\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u4e2a -c \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u5916\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6700\u597d\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u9001\u5165 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u7684 here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u526a\u5207\u548c\u7c98\u8d34\u65f6\u5173\u95edTAB \u8865\u5168\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.15\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a033.17\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (12.22)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a-\uff0c\u90fd\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5f53psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002

\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3adirectory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 \\.\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684SQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cCSV\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\\copy ... from\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684\\.\u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u8bb0\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caNOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\\d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5217\u663e\u793a\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\\d+\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5404\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728 OID\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u89c6\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548ctrigger\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u9002\u5f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[S+] [ pattern ]
\\di[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[S+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcdE\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t\u548cv\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dit\u5217\u51fa\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\des+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\det+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\deu+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dew+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcda\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t\u6216w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\df+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\u6d4f\u89c8\\df\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dF[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dF+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u548c\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFd+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u4e2d\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFp+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFt+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dg+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\lo_list\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548cREVOKE\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itn+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u5206\u533a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06n\u4e0e+\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548cALTER DATABASE\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u89d2\u8272\u4e13\u5c5e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\du+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dx+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dy[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u7167psql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u952e\u5165\\r\u6e05\u7a7a\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88\u5b83\u3002\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8be5\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u811a\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7531\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u672b\u5c3e\u8ddf\u968f\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ filename ]
\\g [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u662f my_table\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ filename ]
\\gx [ |command ]
\n
\n

\n

\\gx\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\g\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\\x\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\h \u6216 \\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[+] \u6216 \\list[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\uff08\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u53ea\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u7528\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709PostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p \u6216 \\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216 x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u548cpsql\u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216 T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216 C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216 t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u793a\u4f8b\u4e00\u8282\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q \u6216 \\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r \u6216 \\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u5c06psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u4e32\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\watch [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u52a0\u5206\u53f7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4e00\u9047\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4ecd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1; select 2; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff1a\\;\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u524d\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u672a\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a052.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09psql\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e09\u6761SELECT\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46psql\u53ea\u6253\u53703\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4e14\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_HISTORY \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 ~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 %APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history- :DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5165 ~/.psqlrc \u4f1a\u4f7f psql \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u660e\u663e\u7684\u63d2\u503c\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u6240\u9009\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u6253\u5370\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

psql\u652f\u6301 Readline \u5e93\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u5728 psql \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 psql \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u4e5f\u652f\u6301 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u8865\u5168\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u4e0d\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f SQL \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002Tab \u8865\u5168\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u4f60\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5165\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u4e3a .inputrc \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5173\u95ed\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f psql \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f Readline \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8f93\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u8005\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u503c\u4e3aalways\u3001auto\u3001never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002Windows \u6ca1\u6709\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-9.2\u6216~/.psqlrc-9.2.5\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f Windows \u7684\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u89e3

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 7.4 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

\n

psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u793a\u4f8b

\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

\n
testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
\n

\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          | \n
\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n\n
\n

\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
\n

\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

\n
testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2 \n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four \n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       | \n     2 |     | f   |       | \n     3 |     |     | t     | \n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

\n
testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb(> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb(> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb(> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 \n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
\n
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"/versions/12/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/12/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/12/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/12/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/12/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/12/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history. This can be useful to turn off tab expansion when cutting and pasting.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/12/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/12/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/12/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 33.14 ).", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/7/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/12/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "6674a093dbf4250da404ef89d40dab7f0527cb125e5adef7d50eae26a3ae3709"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 52.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) Also, psql only prints the result of the last SQL command in the string. This is different from the behavior when the same string is read from a file or fed to psql 's standard input, because then psql sends each SQL command separately. Because of this behavior, putting more than one SQL command in a single -c string often has unexpected results. It's better to use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
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psql

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psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

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\u5927\u7eb2

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psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

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\u8bf4\u660e

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psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

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\u9009\u9879

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-a
--echo-all
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-A
--no-align
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-b
--echo-errors
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-c command
--command=command
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a052.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u9001\u5165psql\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u4e2a -c \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u5916\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6700\u597d\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u9001\u5165 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u7684 here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u526a\u5207\u548c\u7c98\u8d34\u65f6\u5173\u95edTAB \u8865\u5168\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.15\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a033.17\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (13.23)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a-\uff0c\u90fd\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5f53psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u5730\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002

\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3adirectory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 \\.\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684SQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cCSV\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\\copy ... from\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684\\.\u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u8bb0\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caNOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\\d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5217\u663e\u793a\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\\d+\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5404\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728 OID\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u89c6\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAc[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a037.16.1\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAf[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a037.16.5\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAo[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a037.16.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5173\u8054\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAp[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a037.16.3\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548ctrigger\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd\u663e\u793a\u5339\u914dpattern\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u9002\u5f53\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[S+] [ pattern ]
\\di[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[S+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd E\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t \u548c v \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dti \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55 WAL\uff09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\des+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\det+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\deu+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dew+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcda\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t\u6216w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\df+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\u6d4f\u89c8\\df\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dF[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dF+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u548c\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFd+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u4e2d\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFp+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFt+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dg+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\lo_list\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548cREVOKE\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itn+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u5206\u533a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06n\u4e0e+\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548cALTER DATABASE\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u89d2\u8272\u4e13\u5c5e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\du+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dx+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dy[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u7167psql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u79fb\u9664\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u952e\u5165\\r\u6e05\u7a7a\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7531\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\\warn\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\\g\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684option=value\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\pset option value\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c=\u7b26\u53f7\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982\u679c=value\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684option\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\uff1a\\pset option\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9avalue\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86filename\u6216|command\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531\\pset\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u662f my_table\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\\gx \u4e0e \\g \u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728 \\pset \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a expanded=on\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 \\x\u3002

\n
\n
\\h \u6216 \\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[+] \u6216 \\list[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\uff08\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u53ea\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u7528\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709PostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p \u6216 \\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216 x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u548cpsql\u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216 T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216 C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216 t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q \u6216 \\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r \u6216 \\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\restrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\\unrestrict\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u5c06psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u4e32\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unrestrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u4f20\u7ed9\\restrict\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\warn text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\watch [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u52a0\u5206\u53f7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4e00\u9047\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4ecd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1; select 2; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff1a\\;\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u524d\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u672a\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a052.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09psql\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e09\u6761SELECT\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46psql\u53ea\u6253\u53703\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4e14\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_HISTORY \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 ~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 %APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history- :DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5165 ~/.psqlrc \u4f1a\u4f7f psql \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u660e\u663e\u7684\u63d2\u503c\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
%w
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684 PROMPT1 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c PROMPT2 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u591a\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%x%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

psql\u652f\u6301 Readline \u5e93\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u5728 psql \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 psql \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u4e5f\u652f\u6301 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u8865\u5168\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u4e0d\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f SQL \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002Tab \u8865\u5168\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u4f60\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5165\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u4e3a .inputrc \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5173\u95ed\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f psql \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f Readline \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8f93\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u8005\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u503c\u4e3aalways\u3001auto\u3001never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a033.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002Windows \u6ca1\u6709\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-9.2\u6216~/.psqlrc-9.2.5\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002

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.psql_history
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\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f Windows \u7684\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

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\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

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\u6ce8\u89e3

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    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 7.4 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

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    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

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    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

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    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

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\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

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psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

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    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

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    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

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\u793a\u4f8b

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

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testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

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testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          | \n
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\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

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testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
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\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
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\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
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\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\g\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table\npeter@localhost testdb-> \\g (format=aligned tuples_only=off expanded=on)\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

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testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2 \n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four \n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       | \n     2 |     | f   |       | \n     3 |     |     | t     | \n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

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testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb(> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb(> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb(> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 \n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/13/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "dd2bf63d81b9a9d3fc69c646197cfdc14a0b1bab1c9f0b98608d66554da4a261", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[13]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[15]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[17]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[9]", "#APP-PSQL/div[2]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[3]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[13]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[15]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[19]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[21]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[23]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[25]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[25]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[27]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[29]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[31]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[35]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[37]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[39]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[41]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[45]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[47]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[49]", 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"same-major semantic node", "sha256": "a1ce660398700ab61d3500f999991a234be349e6f3942ba12344b1de30a4be6a", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#INDEXES-INDEX-ONLY-SCANS/p[25]/span[2]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/13/description/0": "psql \u2014 PostgreSQL interactive terminal", "/versions/13/facts/0/label": "Documented executable", "/versions/13/facts/1/label": "Executable version", "/versions/13/facts/2/label": "Reference inventory", "/versions/13/facts/2/value": "Client applications", "/versions/13/facts/3/label": "Option definition groups", "/versions/13/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/13/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/13/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/13/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/13/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/13/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history. This can be useful to turn off tab expansion when cutting and pasting.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/13/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/13/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/13/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 33.14 ).", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/7/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/13/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "37d719492c0b0814ad9e5236a4d571b1fb393161dfa0afb374c111a6de0d3df7"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 52.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) Also, psql only prints the result of the last SQL command in the string. This is different from the behavior when the same string is read from a file or fed to psql 's standard input, because then psql sends each SQL command separately. Because of this behavior, putting more than one SQL command in a single -c string often has unexpected results. It's better to use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
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psql

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psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

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\u5927\u7eb2

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psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

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\u8bf4\u660e

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psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

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\u9009\u9879

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-a
--echo-all
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\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

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-A
--no-align
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-b
--echo-errors
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-c command
--command=command
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a053.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u9001\u5165psql\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u6761SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u4e2a -c \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u5916\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6700\u597d\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u9001\u5165 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u793a\u4f7f\u7528 echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u7684 here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u6760\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u526a\u5207\u548c\u7c98\u8d34\u65f6\u5173\u95edTAB \u8865\u5168\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a034.18\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (14.24)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216 port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a -\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e14psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u5c06\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u811a\u672c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\\connect\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u7684\\connect\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u503c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3adirectory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 \\.\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684SQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cCSV\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\\copy ... from\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684\\.\u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u8bb0\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982NOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\\d+\u4e0e\u524d\u8005\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b OID\u3001\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAc[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.1\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAf[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.5\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAo[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5173\u8054\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAp[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.3\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548c trigger\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd \u663e\u793a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[S+] [ pattern ]
\\di[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[S+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd E\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t \u548c v \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dti \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55 WAL\uff09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\des+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\det+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\deu+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dew+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t \u6216 w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \\df+ \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dF[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dF+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u548c\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFd+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u4e2d\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFp+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFt+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dg+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\lo_list\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[S+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern [ arg_pattern ] ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 -\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548c REVOKE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itn+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u5206\u533a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06n\u4e0e+\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548c ALTER DATABASE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\du+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dx+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dX [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u79cd\u7c7b\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ndistinct\u3002defined \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cNULL \u8868\u793a\u672a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5224\u65ad ANALYZE \u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2 pg_stats_ext\u3002

\n
\n
\\dy[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\u5728\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6839\u636epsql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4ece\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\\r\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\\warn\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\\g\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684option=value\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\pset option value\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c=\u7b26\u53f7\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982\u679c=value\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684option\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\uff1a\\pset option\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9avalue\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86filename\u6216|command\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531\\pset\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728my_table\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\\gx \u4e0e \\g \u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728 \\pset \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a expanded=on\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 \\x\u3002

\n
\n
\\h\u6216\\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[+]\u6216\\list[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709 CONNECT \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5177\u6709 pg_read_all_stats \u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709PostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p\u6216\\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u548cpsql\u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q\u6216\\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r\u6216\\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\restrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\\unrestrict\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6epsql\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6709\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unrestrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u4f20\u7ed9\\restrict\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\unrestrict\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\warn text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\watch [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u52a0\u5206\u53f7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4e00\u9047\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4ecd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1; select 2; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff1a\\;\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u524d\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u672a\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a053.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09psql\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e09\u6761SELECT\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46psql\u53ea\u6253\u53703\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dn mydb.*foo*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542bfoo\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5217\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u4ecePSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u662f%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history-:DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5728~/.psqlrc\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u63d2\u503c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
%w
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684 PROMPT1 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c PROMPT2 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u591a\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%x%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

psql\u652f\u6301 Readline \u5e93\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u5728 psql \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 psql \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u4e5f\u652f\u6301 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u8865\u5168\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u4e0d\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f SQL \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002Tab \u8865\u5168\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u4f60\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22 Tab \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5165\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u540d\u4e3a .inputrc \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5173\u95ed\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f psql \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f Readline \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u4e3a always\u3001auto\u548c never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002Windows \u6ca1\u6709\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-9.2\u6216~/.psqlrc-9.2.5\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u89e3

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 7.4 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

\n

psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u793a\u4f8b

\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

\n
testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
\n

\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          | \n
\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
\n

\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\g\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table\npeter@localhost testdb-> \\g (format=aligned tuples_only=off expanded=on)\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 \\df \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d int*pl \u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a bigint \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\df int*pl * bigint\n                          List of functions\n   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type\n------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | int28pl | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func\n pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func\n pg_catalog | int8pl  | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func\n(3 rows)\n
\n

\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

\n
testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2 \n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four \n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       | \n     2 |     | f   |       | \n     3 |     |     | t     | \n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

\n
testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb(> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb(> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb(> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 \n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
\n
\n
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"/versions/14/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/14/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/14/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history. This can be useful to turn off tab expansion when cutting and pasting.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/14/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/14/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/14/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 34.15 ).", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/7/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/14/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "94a92a58fa760d003bc1821d87cea1ef30058d6322c5eb41b1f21b7408426e06"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 53.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) Also, psql only prints the result of the last SQL command in the string. This is different from the behavior when the same string is read from a file or fed to psql 's standard input, because then psql sends each SQL command separately. Because of this behavior, putting more than one SQL command in a single -c string often has unexpected results. It's better to use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
\n
\n
\n

psql

\n

psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

\n
\n
\n

\u5927\u7eb2

\n
\n

psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8bf4\u660e

\n

psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u9009\u9879

\n
\n
\n
-a
--echo-all
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-A
--no-align
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-b
--echo-errors
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-c command
--command=command
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a055.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684-c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7shell\u7684here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u6760\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6539\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aROLLBACK\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a034.18\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (15.19)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216 port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a -\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e14psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u5c06\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u811a\u672c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\\connect\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u7684\\connect\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u503c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3adirectory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 \\.\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684SQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cCSV\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\\copy ... from\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684\\.\u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u8bb0\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982NOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\\d+\u4e0e\u524d\u8005\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b OID\u3001\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAc[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.1\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAf[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.5\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAo[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5173\u8054\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAp[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.3\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dconfig[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\dconfig * \u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6388\u4e88\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548c trigger\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd \u663e\u793a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[S+] [ pattern ]
\\di[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[S+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd E\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t \u548c v \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dti \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55 WAL\uff09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\des+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\det+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\deu+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dew+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t \u6216 w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \\df+ \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dF[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dF+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u548c\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFd+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u4e2d\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFp+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFt+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dg+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl[+]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f \\lo_list \u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[S+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern [ arg_pattern ] ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 -\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548c REVOKE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itn+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u5206\u533a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06n\u4e0e+\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548c ALTER DATABASE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\du+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dx+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dX [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u79cd\u7c7b\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ndistinct\u3002defined \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cNULL \u8868\u793a\u672a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5224\u65ad ANALYZE \u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2 pg_stats_ext\u3002

\n
\n
\\dy[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\u5728\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6839\u636epsql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4ece\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\\r\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\\warn\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\\g\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684option=value\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\pset option value\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c=\u7b26\u53f7\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982\u679c=value\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684option\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\uff1a\\pset option\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9avalue\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86filename\u6216|command\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531\\pset\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\getenv psql_var env_var
\n
\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfenv_var\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u7ed9psql\u53d8\u91cfpsql_var\u3002\u5982\u679cenv_var\u5728psql\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cpsql_var\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\getenv home HOME\n=> \\echo :home\n/home/postgres\n
\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728my_table\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\\gx \u4e0e \\g \u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728 \\pset \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a expanded=on\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 \\x\u3002

\n
\n
\\h\u6216\\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[+]\u6216\\list[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709 CONNECT \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5177\u6709 pg_read_all_stats \u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list[+]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8 PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p\u6216\\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e psql \u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6539\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u914d\u7f6e\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u9875\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3 psql \u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 pspg --stream\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q\u6216\\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r\u6216\\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\restrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\\unrestrict\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6epsql\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6709\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unrestrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u4f20\u7ed9\\restrict\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\unrestrict\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\warn text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\watch [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u5c06SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1; select 2; select 3;\n
\n

\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\\;\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982

\n
select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a055.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dn mydb.*foo*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542bfoo\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5217\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u4ecePSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u662f%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history-:DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5728~/.psqlrc\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_ALL_RESULTS
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\\;\uff09\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a on\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684 psql\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u63d2\u503c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
%w
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684 PROMPT1 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c PROMPT2 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u591a\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%x%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u6216libedit\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5f53psql\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1b\u5f53psql\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u4e0a\u7bad\u5934\u6216 control-P \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\uff08\u7edd\u975e\u5168\u90e8\uff09\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u5934\u8f93\u5165ins\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b TAB \u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u4e3ainsert into \u3002\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4e0bTAB\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u5c1a\u672a\u8f93\u5b8c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6309\u591a\u6b21TAB\u952e\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9 SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u8fdb\u884c TAB \u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728BEGIN\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21 TAB \u8865\u5168\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u53d1\u51faSET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u5c31\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5230\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a.inputrc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c38\u4e45\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662fpsql\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aReadline\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09

\n

-n\uff08--no-readline\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u8fd0\u884cpsql\u65f6\u7981\u7528 Readline\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62TAB \u8865\u5168\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u5305\u542b TAB \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u4e3a always\u3001auto\u548c never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_WATCH_PAGER
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u8bbe\u4e3a\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u3002pspg \u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e PostgreSQL\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\uff09\u4ee5 --stream \u9009\u9879\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a \\watch \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-15\u6216~/.psqlrc-15.19\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u540e\u7f00\u662f\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u89e3

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 9.2 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

\n

psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u793a\u4f8b

\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

\n
testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
\n

\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          |\n
\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
\n

\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\g\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table\npeter@localhost testdb-> \\g (format=aligned tuples_only=off expanded=on)\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 \\df \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d int*pl \u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a bigint \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\df int*pl * bigint\n                          List of functions\n   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type\n------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | int28pl | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func\n pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func\n pg_catalog | int8pl  | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func\n(3 rows)\n
\n

\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

\n
testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2\n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four\n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       |\n     2 |     | f   |       |\n     3 |     |     | t     |\n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

\n
testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb(> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb(> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb(> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
\n
\n
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"Client applications", "/versions/15/facts/3/label": "Option definition groups", "/versions/15/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/15/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/15/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/15/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/15/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/15/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history (see the section called \u201cCommand-Line Editing\u201d below).", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. If any of the commands fails and the variable ON_ERROR_STOP was set, a ROLLBACK command is sent instead. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/15/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/15/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/15/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 34.15 ).", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If neither of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/7/description": "When a query is executed repeatedly with the \\watch command, a pager is not used by default. This behavior can be changed by setting PSQL_WATCH_PAGER to a pager command, on Unix systems. The pspg pager (not part of PostgreSQL but available in many open source software distributions) can display the output of \\watch if started with the option --stream .", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/15/tables/1/rows/10/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "c39b7f74a8196ba40fedbb0c8fee27757ee88923175fc4efb9664103680c416c"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 55.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) If having several commands executed in one transaction is not desired, use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
\n
\n
\n

psql

\n

psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

\n
\n
\n

\u5927\u7eb2

\n
\n

psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8bf4\u660e

\n

psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u9009\u9879

\n
\n
\n
-a
--echo-all
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-A
--no-align
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-b
--echo-errors
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-c command
--command=command
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a055.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684-c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7shell\u7684here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u6760\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6539\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aROLLBACK\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5728 Unix \u4e0a\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u786e\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a034.18\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (16.15)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\bind [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9\u4efb\u610f\u53c2\u6570\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff08$1 \u7b49\uff09\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbl1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\bind 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9664 \\g \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\gx \u548c \\gset\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a055.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u96f6\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216 port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a -\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e14psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u5c06\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u811a\u672c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\\connect\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u7684\\connect\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u503c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3adirectory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 \\.\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684SQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cCSV\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\\copy ... from\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684\\.\u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u8bb0\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982NOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\\d+\u4e0e\u524d\u8005\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b OID\u3001\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAc[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.1\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAf[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.5\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAo[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5173\u8054\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAp[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a038.16.3\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dconfig[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\dconfig * \u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6388\u4e88\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548c trigger\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd \u663e\u793a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[S+] [ pattern ]
\\di[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[S+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd E\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t \u548c v \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dti \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55 WAL\uff09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\des+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\det+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\deu+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dew+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t \u6216 w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \\df+ \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e C \u548c internal \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 \\sf \u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dF[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dF+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u548c\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFd+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u4e2d\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFp+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFt+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dg+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl[+]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f \\lo_list \u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[S+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern [ arg_pattern ] ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 -\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548c REVOKE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.7\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itn+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u5206\u533a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06n\u4e0e+\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548c ALTER DATABASE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\drg[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08ADMIN\u3001INHERIT \u548c/\u6216 SET\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6388\u4e88\u8005\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1 GRANT \u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6388\u4e88\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\du+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dx+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dX [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u79cd\u7c7b\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ndistinct\u3002defined \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cNULL \u8868\u793a\u672a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5224\u65ad ANALYZE \u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2 pg_stats_ext\u3002

\n
\n
\\dy[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\u5728\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6839\u636epsql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4ece\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\\r\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\\warn\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\\g\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684option=value\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\pset option value\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c=\u7b26\u53f7\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982\u679c=value\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684option\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\uff1a\\pset option\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9avalue\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86filename\u6216|command\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531\\pset\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\getenv psql_var env_var
\n
\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfenv_var\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u7ed9psql\u53d8\u91cfpsql_var\u3002\u5982\u679cenv_var\u5728psql\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cpsql_var\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\getenv home HOME\n=> \\echo :home\n/home/postgres\n
\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728my_table\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\\gx \u4e0e \\g \u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728 \\pset \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a expanded=on\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 \\x\u3002

\n
\n
\\h\u6216\\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[+]\u6216\\list[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709 CONNECT \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5177\u6709 pg_read_all_stats \u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list[+]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8 PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p\u6216\\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u6709\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e psql \u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6539\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u914d\u7f6e\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u9875\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3 psql \u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 pspg --stream\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
xheader_width
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6807\u9898\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8bbe\u4e3a full\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u3001column\u3001page \u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002

\n

full\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u5934\u4e0d\u622a\u65ad\uff0c\u5176\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6700\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

column\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

page\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff1a\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u9898\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q\u6216\\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r\u6216\\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\restrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\\unrestrict\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6epsql\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6709\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unrestrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u4f20\u7ed9\\restrict\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\unrestrict\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\warn text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\watch [ i[nterval]=seconds ] [ c[ount]=times ] [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u8fbe\u5230\u6267\u884c\u6b21\u6570\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\uff0cseconds \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6216\u4e0d\u5e26 interval= \u524d\u7f00\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u5c06SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1; select 2; select 3;\n
\n

\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\\;\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982

\n
select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a055.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dn mydb.*foo*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542bfoo\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5217\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u4ecePSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u662f%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history-:DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5728~/.psqlrc\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a true\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a false\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_EXIT_CODE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_EXIT_CODE
\n
\n

\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u30020\u2013127 \u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u7801\uff0c128\u2013255 \u8868\u793a\u56e0\u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c-1 \u8868\u793a\u672a\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_ERROR\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_ALL_RESULTS
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\\;\uff09\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a on\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684 psql\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u63d2\u503c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
%w
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684 PROMPT1 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c PROMPT2 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u591a\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%x%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u6216libedit\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5f53psql\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1b\u5f53psql\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u4e0a\u7bad\u5934\u6216 control-P \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\uff08\u7edd\u975e\u5168\u90e8\uff09\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u5934\u8f93\u5165ins\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b TAB \u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u4e3ainsert into \u3002\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4e0bTAB\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u5c1a\u672a\u8f93\u5b8c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6309\u591a\u6b21TAB\u952e\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9 SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u8fdb\u884c TAB \u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728BEGIN\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21 TAB \u8865\u5168\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u53d1\u51faSET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u5c31\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5230\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a.inputrc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c38\u4e45\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662fpsql\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aReadline\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09

\n

-n\uff08--no-readline\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u8fd0\u884cpsql\u65f6\u7981\u7528 Readline\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62TAB \u8865\u5168\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u5305\u542b TAB \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u4e3a always\u3001auto\u548c never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_WATCH_PAGER
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u8bbe\u4e3a\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u3002pspg \u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e PostgreSQL\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\uff09\u4ee5 --stream \u9009\u9879\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a \\watch \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a034.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-16\u6216~/.psqlrc-16.15\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u540e\u7f00\u662f\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u89e3

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 9.2 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

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    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

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    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

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\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

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psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

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    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

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    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

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\u793a\u4f8b

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

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testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          |\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

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testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
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\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
\n

\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\g\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table\npeter@localhost testdb-> \\g (format=aligned tuples_only=off expanded=on)\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 \\df \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d int*pl \u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a bigint \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\df int*pl * bigint\n                          List of functions\n   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type\n------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | int28pl | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func\n pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func\n pg_catalog | int8pl  | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func\n(3 rows)\n
\n

\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

\n
testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2\n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four\n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       |\n     2 |     | f   |       |\n     3 |     |     | t     |\n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

\n
testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb(> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb(> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb(> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
\n
\n
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"#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[49]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[51]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[53]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[55]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[55]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[57]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[57]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[59]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[61]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[63]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[65]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[67]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[67]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[69]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[6]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[9]", "#APP-PSQL/div[6]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[6]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[6]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[1]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[4]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[2]/p[6]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[101]/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[101]/div[4]/p[1]/a[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[101]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[101]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[101]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[101]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[103]/div[3]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[103]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[103]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[105]/p[0]", 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"#APP-PSQL/div[9]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[1]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[9]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[1]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[9]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[3]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[9]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[3]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[9]/div[1]/dl[0]/dt[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[9]/h2[0]"]}, {"url": "/docs/16/indexes-index-only-scans.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "11afcd79a6a1517327939f6141ab8aec3f541b3fc4c5d67bc305f9627ce0ab9d", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#INDEXES-INDEX-ONLY-SCANS/p[25]/span[2]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/16/description/0": "psql \u2014 PostgreSQL interactive terminal", "/versions/16/facts/0/label": "Documented executable", "/versions/16/facts/1/label": "Executable version", "/versions/16/facts/2/label": "Reference inventory", "/versions/16/facts/2/value": "Client applications", "/versions/16/facts/3/label": "Option definition groups", "/versions/16/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/16/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/16/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/16/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/16/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/16/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history (see the section called \u201cCommand-Line Editing\u201d below).", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. If any of the commands fails and the variable ON_ERROR_STOP was set, a ROLLBACK command is sent instead. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/16/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/16/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/16/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 34.15 ).", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If neither of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/7/description": "When a query is executed repeatedly with the \\watch command, a pager is not used by default. This behavior can be changed by setting PSQL_WATCH_PAGER to a pager command, on Unix systems. The pspg pager (not part of PostgreSQL but available in many open source software distributions) can display the output of \\watch if started with the option --stream .", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/16/tables/1/rows/10/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "e4b7bd1ccc9bee61e4739dd11aa13c30bcce078c249dc4bc762b7beaa3b08030"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 55.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) If having several commands executed in one transaction is not desired, use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
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psql

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psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

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\u5927\u7eb2

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psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

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\u8bf4\u660e

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psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

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\u9009\u9879

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-a
--echo-all
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\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

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-A
--no-align
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\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

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-b
--echo-errors
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\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

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-c command
--command=command
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\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a053.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684-c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7shell\u7684here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u6760\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6539\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aROLLBACK\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5728 Unix \u4e0a\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u786e\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a032.18\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (17.11)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\bind [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9\u4efb\u610f\u53c2\u6570\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff08$1 \u7b49\uff09\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbl1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\bind 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9664 \\g \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\gx \u548c \\gset\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a053.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u96f6\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216 port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a -\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e14psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u5c06\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u811a\u672c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\\connect\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u7684\\connect\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u503c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3adirectory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230 \\.\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684SQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cCSV\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\\copy ... from\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684\\.\u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u8bb0\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982NOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\\d+\u4e0e\u524d\u8005\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b OID\u3001\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAc[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.1\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAf[+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.5\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAo[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5173\u8054\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAp[+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.3\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dconfig[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\dconfig * \u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6388\u4e88\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548c trigger\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd \u663e\u793a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.8\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[S+] [ pattern ]
\\di[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[S+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[S+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd E\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t \u548c v \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dti \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55 WAL\uff09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\des+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\det+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\deu+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u8bcd\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dew+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t \u6216 w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \\df+ \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e C \u548c internal \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 \\sf \u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dF[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dF+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u548c\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFd+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u4e2d\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFp+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dFt+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dg+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl[+]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f \\lo_list \u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[S+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern [ arg_pattern ] ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 -\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548c REVOKE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.8\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itn+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u5206\u533a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0+\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06n\u4e0e+\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548c ALTER DATABASE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\drg[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08ADMIN\u3001INHERIT \u548c/\u6216 SET\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6388\u4e88\u8005\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1 GRANT \u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6388\u4e88\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[S+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9bS\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\du+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\dx+\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dX [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u79cd\u7c7b\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ndistinct\u3002defined \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cNULL \u8868\u793a\u672a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5224\u65ad ANALYZE \u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2 pg_stats_ext\u3002

\n
\n
\\dy[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\u5728\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6839\u636epsql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4ece\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\\r\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\\warn\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\\g\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684option=value\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\pset option value\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c=\u7b26\u53f7\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982\u679c=value\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684option\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\uff1a\\pset option\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9avalue\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86filename\u6216|command\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531\\pset\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\getenv psql_var env_var
\n
\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfenv_var\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u7ed9psql\u53d8\u91cfpsql_var\u3002\u5982\u679cenv_var\u5728psql\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cpsql_var\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\getenv home HOME\n=> \\echo :home\n/home/postgres\n
\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728my_table\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\\gx \u4e0e \\g \u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728 \\pset \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a expanded=on\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 \\x\u3002

\n
\n
\\h\u6216\\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[+]\u6216\\list[+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709 CONNECT \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5177\u6709 pg_read_all_stats \u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list[+]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8 PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p\u6216\\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u6709\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e psql \u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6539\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u914d\u7f6e\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u9875\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3 psql \u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 pspg --stream\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
xheader_width
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6807\u9898\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8bbe\u4e3a full\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u3001column\u3001page \u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002

\n

full\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u5934\u4e0d\u622a\u65ad\uff0c\u5176\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6700\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

column\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

page\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff1a\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u9898\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q\u6216\\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r\u6216\\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\restrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\\unrestrict\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6epsql\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6709\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unrestrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u4f20\u7ed9\\restrict\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\unrestrict\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\warn text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\watch [ i[nterval]=seconds ] [ c[ount]=times ] [ m[in_rows]=rows ] [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8fbe\u5230\u6267\u884c\u6b21\u6570\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff09\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u884c\u6570\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\uff0cseconds \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6216\u4e0d\u5e26 interval= \u524d\u7f00\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z[S] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u5c06SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1; select 2; select 3;\n
\n

\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\\;\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982

\n
select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a053.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dn mydb.*foo*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542bfoo\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5217\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u4ecePSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u662f%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history-:DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5728~/.psqlrc\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a true\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a false\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_EXIT_CODE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_EXIT_CODE
\n
\n

\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u30020\u2013127 \u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u7801\uff0c128\u2013255 \u8868\u793a\u56e0\u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c-1 \u8868\u793a\u672a\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_ERROR\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_ALL_RESULTS
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\\;\uff09\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a on\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684 psql\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u63d2\u503c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
%w
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684 PROMPT1 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c PROMPT2 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u591a\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%x%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u6216libedit\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5f53psql\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1b\u5f53psql\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u4e0a\u7bad\u5934\u6216 control-P \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\uff08\u7edd\u975e\u5168\u90e8\uff09\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u5934\u8f93\u5165ins\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b TAB \u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u4e3ainsert into \u3002\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4e0bTAB\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u5c1a\u672a\u8f93\u5b8c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6309\u591a\u6b21TAB\u952e\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9 SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u8fdb\u884c TAB \u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728BEGIN\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21 TAB \u8865\u5168\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u53d1\u51faSET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u5c31\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5230\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a.inputrc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c38\u4e45\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662fpsql\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aReadline\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09

\n

-n\uff08--no-readline\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u8fd0\u884cpsql\u65f6\u7981\u7528 Readline\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62TAB \u8865\u5168\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u5305\u542b TAB \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u4e3a always\u3001auto\u548c never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_WATCH_PAGER
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u8bbe\u4e3a\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u3002pspg \u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e PostgreSQL\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\uff09\u4ee5 --stream \u9009\u9879\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a \\watch \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-17\u6216~/.psqlrc-17.11\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u540e\u7f00\u662f\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u3002

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.psql_history
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\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

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\u6ce8\u89e3

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    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 9.2 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

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    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

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    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

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\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

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psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

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    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

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    • \n
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    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

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\u793a\u4f8b

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

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testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

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testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          |\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
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\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
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\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
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\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\g\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table\npeter@localhost testdb-> \\g (format=aligned tuples_only=off expanded=on)\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 \\df \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d int*pl \u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a bigint \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\df int*pl * bigint\n                          List of functions\n   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type\n------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | int28pl | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func\n pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func\n pg_catalog | int8pl  | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func\n(3 rows)\n
\n

\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

\n
testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2\n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four\n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       |\n     2 |     | f   |       |\n     3 |     |     | t     |\n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

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testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb-> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb-> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb-> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/17/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "820a5ee48a79666cef06bfe375ea9337e7a347b6d32c921738edd824fe5aa9f8", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[13]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[15]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[17]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[19]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[9]", "#APP-PSQL/div[2]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[3]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[13]", 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"/versions/17/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/17/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/17/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/17/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history (see the section called \u201cCommand-Line Editing\u201d below).", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. If any of the commands fails and the variable ON_ERROR_STOP was set, a ROLLBACK command is sent instead. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/17/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/17/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/17/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 32.15 ).", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If neither of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/7/description": "When a query is executed repeatedly with the \\watch command, a pager is not used by default. This behavior can be changed by setting PSQL_WATCH_PAGER to a pager command, on Unix systems. The pspg pager (not part of PostgreSQL but available in many open source software distributions) can display the output of \\watch if started with the option --stream .", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/17/tables/1/rows/10/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "c4daef5e21f8a88cdfc6a7f3588cb46a1fb0f6516823eec928513a3c62682424"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 53.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) If having several commands executed in one transaction is not desired, use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
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psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

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\n
\n

psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8bf4\u660e

\n

psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u9009\u9879

\n
\n
\n
-a
--echo-all
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-A
--no-align
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-b
--echo-errors
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-c command
--command=command
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684-c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7shell\u7684here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u6760\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6539\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aROLLBACK\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5728 Unix \u4e0a\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u786e\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a032.18\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (18.6)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 \\x \u6216 \\pset expanded \u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\bind [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9\u4efb\u610f\u53c2\u6570\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff08$1 \u7b49\uff09\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbl1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\bind 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9664 \\g \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\gx \u548c \\gset\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u96f6\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\bind_named statement_name [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\\bind_named \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\bind\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u628a\u73b0\u6709\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbls1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\parse stmt1\n\\bind_named stmt1 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216 port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a -\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e14psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u5c06\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u811a\u672c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\\connect\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u7684\\connect\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u503c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a directory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\close_prepared prepared_statement_name
\n
\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
SELECT $1 \\parse stmt1\n\\close_prepared stmt1\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e SSL \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cClient User \u5b57\u6bb5\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c Superuser \u5b57\u6bb5\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u901a\u5e38\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u66fe\u901a\u8fc7 SET ROLE \u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u4ec5\u542b \\. \u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684 SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982NOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\\d+\u4e0e\u524d\u8005\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b OID\u3001\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 x \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u663e\u793a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u53c2\u6570\u7684 \\d\uff0c\u4e14 x \u4e0d\u80fd\u7d27\u8ddf \\d\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a \\dx \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e S \u6216 + \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\d+x \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e \\dtvmsE+x\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAc[x+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.1\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAf[x+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.5\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAo[x+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAp[x+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.3\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dconfig[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\dconfig * \u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6388\u4e88\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548c trigger\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd \u663e\u793a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp[x] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.8\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\di[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd E\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t \u548c v \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dti \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55 WAL\uff09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwSx+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t \u6216 w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e C \u548c internal \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 \\sf \u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dF[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6240\u9009\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl[x+]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f \\lo_list \u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[Sx+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern [ arg_pattern ] ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 -\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548c REVOKE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.8\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itnx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679cpattern\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u7ea7\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u7cfb\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c n \u4e0e + \u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds[x] [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548c ALTER DATABASE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\drg[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08ADMIN\u3001INHERIT \u548c/\u6216 SET\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6388\u4e88\u8005\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1 GRANT \u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6388\u4e88\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dX[x] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u79cd\u7c7b\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ndistinct\u3002defined \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cNULL \u8868\u793a\u672a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5224\u65ad ANALYZE \u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2 pg_stats_ext\u3002

\n
\n
\\dy[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\u5728\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6839\u636epsql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4ece\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\\r\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\\warn\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\\g\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684option=value\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\pset option value\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c=\u7b26\u53f7\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982\u679c=value\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684option\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\uff1a\\pset option\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9avalue\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86filename\u6216|command\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531\\pset\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\getenv psql_var env_var
\n
\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfenv_var\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u7ed9psql\u53d8\u91cfpsql_var\u3002\u5982\u679cenv_var\u5728psql\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cpsql_var\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\getenv home HOME\n=> \\echo :home\n/home/postgres\n
\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728my_table\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\\gx \u4e0e \\g \u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728 \\pset \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a expanded=on\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 \\x\u3002

\n
\n
\\h\u6216\\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[x+]\u6216\\list[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709 CONNECT \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5177\u6709 pg_read_all_stats \u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list[x+]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8 PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p\u6216\\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\parse statement_name
\n
\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
SELECT $1 \\parse stmt1\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u6761Parse (F)\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u6709\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e psql \u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6539\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u914d\u7f6e\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u9875\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3 psql \u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 pspg --stream\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
xheader_width
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6807\u9898\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8bbe\u4e3a full\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u3001column\u3001page \u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002

\n

full\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u5934\u4e0d\u622a\u65ad\uff0c\u5176\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6700\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

column\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

page\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff1a\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u9898\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q\u6216\\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r\u6216\\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\restrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\\unrestrict\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6epsql\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6709\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\startpipeline
\\sendpipeline
\\syncpipeline
\\endpipeline
\\flushrequest
\\flush
\\getresults [ number_results ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\startpipeline \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endpipeline \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5176\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\syncpipeline \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6761\u540c\u6b65\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u5f53\u524d\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5237\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u9762\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.5\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4 \\bind\u3001\\bind_named\u3001\\close_prepared \u548c \\parse \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\\sendpipeline \u4f1a\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982 \\g\u3001\\gx \u6216 \\gdesc\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\\flushrequest \u4f1a\u5411\u7ba1\u9053\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u6761 flush \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u53d1\u9001 sync \u6216\u7ed3\u675f\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7 \\getresults \u8bfb\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\\getresults \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\\flush \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u63a8\u9001\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\\getresults \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684 number_results \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6\u524d number_results \u4e2a\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u82e5\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5176\u503c\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5219\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u62a5\u544a\u7ba1\u9053\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be6\u89c1%P\u3002

\n

COPY \u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
\\startpipeline\nSELECT * FROM pg_class;\nSELECT 1 \\bind \\sendpipeline\n\\flushrequest\n\\getresults\n\\endpipeline\n
\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unrestrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u4f20\u7ed9\\restrict\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\unrestrict\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\warn text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\watch [ i[nterval]=seconds ] [ c[ount]=times ] [ m[in_rows]=rows ] [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8fbe\u5230\u6267\u884c\u6b21\u6570\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff09\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u884c\u6570\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cfWATCH_INTERVAL\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\uff0cseconds \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6216\u4e0d\u5e26 interval= \u524d\u7f00\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u5c06SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1; select 2; select 3;\n
\n

\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\\;\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982

\n
select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dn mydb.*foo*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542bfoo\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5217\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u4ecePSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u662f%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history-:DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5728~/.psqlrc\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PIPELINE_COMMAND_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6392\u961f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PIPELINE_RESULT_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740 \\flushrequest \u6216 \\syncpipeline\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 \\getresults \u53d6\u56de\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PIPELINE_SYNC_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6392\u961f\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6d88\u606f\u6570\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SERVICE
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a true\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a false\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_EXIT_CODE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_EXIT_CODE
\n
\n

\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u30020\u2013127 \u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u7801\uff0c128\u2013255 \u8868\u793a\u56e0\u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c-1 \u8868\u793a\u672a\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_ERROR\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_ALL_RESULTS
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\\;\uff09\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a on\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684 psql\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
WATCH_INTERVAL
\n
\n

\n

\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\\watch\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u79d2\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 2 \u79d2\u3002\u82e5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u63d2\u503c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%s
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%P
\n
\n

\n

\u7ba1\u9053\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u4e0d\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a off\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a on\uff0c\u5728\u5df2\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a abort\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
%w
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684 PROMPT1 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c PROMPT2 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u591a\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%x%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u6216libedit\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5f53psql\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1b\u5f53psql\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u4e0a\u7bad\u5934\u6216 control-P \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\uff08\u7edd\u975e\u5168\u90e8\uff09\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u5934\u8f93\u5165ins\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b TAB \u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u4e3ainsert into \u3002\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4e0bTAB\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u5c1a\u672a\u8f93\u5b8c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6309\u591a\u6b21TAB\u952e\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9 SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u8fdb\u884c TAB \u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728BEGIN\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21 TAB \u8865\u5168\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u53d1\u51faSET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u5c31\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5230\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a.inputrc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c38\u4e45\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662fpsql\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aReadline\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09

\n

-n\uff08--no-readline\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u8fd0\u884cpsql\u65f6\u7981\u7528 Readline\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62TAB \u8865\u5168\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u5305\u542b TAB \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u4e3a always\u3001auto\u548c never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_WATCH_PAGER
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u8bbe\u4e3a\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u3002pspg \u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e PostgreSQL\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\uff09\u4ee5 --stream \u9009\u9879\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a \\watch \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-18\u6216~/.psqlrc-18.6\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u540e\u7f00\u662f\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u89e3

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 9.2 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

\n

psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

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\u793a\u4f8b

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

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testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

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testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          |\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

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testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
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\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
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\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
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\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\g\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table\npeter@localhost testdb-> \\g (format=aligned tuples_only=off expanded=on)\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
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\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 \\df \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d int*pl \u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a bigint \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

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testdb=> \\df int*pl * bigint\n                          List of functions\n   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type\n------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | int28pl | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func\n pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func\n pg_catalog | int8pl  | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func\n(3 rows)\n
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\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c+ \u9009\u9879\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c x \u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a

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testdb=> \\df+x int*pl integer bigint\nList of functions\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-------+-----------------------------\nSchema              | pg_catalog\nName                | int48pl\nResult data type    | bigint\nArgument data types | integer, bigint\nType                | func\nVolatility          | immutable\nParallel            | safe\nOwner               | postgres\nSecurity            | invoker\nLeakproof?          | no\nAccess privileges   |\nLanguage            | internal\nInternal name       | int48pl\nDescription         | implementation of + operator\n
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\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

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testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2\n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four\n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       |\n     2 |     | f   |       |\n     3 |     |     | t     |\n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

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testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb-> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb-> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb-> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
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"/versions/18/facts/3/label": "Option definition groups", "/versions/18/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/18/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/18/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/18/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/18/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/18/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history (see the section called \u201cCommand-Line Editing\u201d below).", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. If any of the commands fails and the variable ON_ERROR_STOP was set, a ROLLBACK command is sent instead. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/18/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/18/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 32.15 ).", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If neither of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/7/description": "When a query is executed repeatedly with the \\watch command, a pager is not used by default. This behavior can be changed by setting PSQL_WATCH_PAGER to a pager command, on Unix systems. The pspg pager (not part of PostgreSQL but available in many open source software distributions) can display the output of \\watch if started with the option --stream .", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/10/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "d18bbfb49a4cc89a98678a6903511d5b896ca4f873a401899f6b203300909100"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 54.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) If having several commands executed in one transaction is not desired, use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
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psql

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psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

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\u5927\u7eb2

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psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

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\u8bf4\u660e

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psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

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\u9009\u9879

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-a
--echo-all
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\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

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-A
--no-align
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\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

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-b
--echo-errors
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\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

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-c command
--command=command
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\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

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command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

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psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
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\u6216\u8005

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echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
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\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

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\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684-c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7shell\u7684here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u6760\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6539\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aROLLBACK\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5728 Unix \u4e0a\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u786e\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a032.18\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (19beta4)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 \\x \u6216 \\pset expanded \u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\bind [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9\u4efb\u610f\u53c2\u6570\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff08$1 \u7b49\uff09\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbl1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\bind 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9664 \\g \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\gx \u548c \\gset\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u96f6\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\bind_named statement_name [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\\bind_named \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\bind\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u628a\u73b0\u6709\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbls1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\parse stmt1\n\\bind_named stmt1 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216 port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a -\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e14psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u5c06\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u811a\u672c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\\connect\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u7684\\connect\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u503c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a directory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\close_prepared prepared_statement_name
\n
\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
SELECT $1 \\parse stmt1\n\\close_prepared stmt1\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e SSL \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cClient User \u5b57\u6bb5\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c Superuser \u5b57\u6bb5\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u901a\u5e38\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u66fe\u901a\u8fc7 SET ROLE \u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u4ec5\u542b \\. \u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684 SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982NOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\\d+\u4e0e\u524d\u8005\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8868\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b OID\u3001\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 x \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u663e\u793a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u53c2\u6570\u7684 \\d\uff0c\u4e14 x \u4e0d\u80fd\u7d27\u8ddf \\d\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a \\dx \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e S \u6216 + \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\d+x \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e \\dtvmsE+x\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAc[x+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.1\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAf[x+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.5\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAo[x+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAp[x+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.3\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dconfig[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\dconfig * \u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6388\u4e88\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548c trigger\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd \u663e\u793a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp[x] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.9\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\di[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd E\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t \u548c v \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dti \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55 WAL\uff09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwSx+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t \u6216 w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e C \u548c internal \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 \\sf \u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dF[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6240\u9009\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl[x+]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f \\lo_list \u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[Sx+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern [ arg_pattern ] ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 -\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548c REVOKE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.9\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itnx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679cpattern\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u7ea7\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u7cfb\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c n \u4e0e + \u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds[x] [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548c ALTER DATABASE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\drg[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08ADMIN\u3001INHERIT \u548c/\u6216 SET\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6388\u4e88\u8005\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1 GRANT \u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6388\u4e88\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u3001\u6392\u9664\u8868\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dX[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u79cd\u7c7b\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ndistinct\u3002defined \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cNULL \u8868\u793a\u672a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5224\u65ad ANALYZE \u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2 pg_stats_ext\u3002

\n
\n
\\dy[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\u5728\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6839\u636epsql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4ece\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\\r\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\\warn\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\\g\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684option=value\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\pset option value\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c=\u7b26\u53f7\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982\u679c=value\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684option\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\uff1a\\pset option\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9avalue\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86filename\u6216|command\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531\\pset\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\getenv psql_var env_var
\n
\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfenv_var\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u7ed9psql\u53d8\u91cfpsql_var\u3002\u5982\u679cenv_var\u5728psql\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cpsql_var\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\getenv home HOME\n=> \\echo :home\n/home/postgres\n
\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728my_table\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('CREATE INDEX ON my_table (%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\\gx \u4e0e \\g \u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728 \\pset \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a expanded=on\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 \\x\u3002

\n
\n
\\h\u6216\\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) AS is_customer,\n    EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) AS is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[x+]\u6216\\list[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709 CONNECT \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5177\u6709 pg_read_all_stats \u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list[x+]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8 PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p\u6216\\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\parse statement_name
\n
\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
SELECT $1 \\parse stmt1\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u6761Parse (F)\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u6709\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
display_false
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u66ff\u4ee3\u5047\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6253\u5370 f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
display_true
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u66ff\u4ee3\u771f\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6253\u5370 t\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e psql \u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6539\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u914d\u7f6e\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u9875\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3 psql \u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 pspg --stream\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
xheader_width
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6807\u9898\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8bbe\u4e3a full\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u3001column\u3001page \u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002

\n

full\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u5934\u4e0d\u622a\u65ad\uff0c\u5176\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6700\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

column\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

page\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff1a\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u9898\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q\u6216\\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r\u6216\\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\restrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\\unrestrict\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6epsql\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6709\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\startpipeline
\\sendpipeline
\\syncpipeline
\\endpipeline
\\flushrequest
\\flush
\\getresults [ number_results ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\startpipeline \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endpipeline \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5176\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\syncpipeline \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6761\u540c\u6b65\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u5f53\u524d\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5237\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u9762\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.5\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4 \\bind\u3001\\bind_named\u3001\\close_prepared \u548c \\parse \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\\sendpipeline \u4f1a\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982 \\g\u3001\\gx \u6216 \\gdesc\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\\flushrequest \u4f1a\u5411\u7ba1\u9053\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u6761 flush \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u53d1\u9001 sync \u6216\u7ed3\u675f\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7 \\getresults \u8bfb\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\\getresults \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\\flush \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u63a8\u9001\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\\getresults \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684 number_results \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6\u524d number_results \u4e2a\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u82e5\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5176\u503c\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5219\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u62a5\u544a\u7ba1\u9053\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be6\u89c1%P\u3002

\n

COPY \u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
\\startpipeline\nSELECT * FROM pg_class;\nSELECT 1 \\bind \\sendpipeline\n\\flushrequest\n\\getresults\n\\endpipeline\n
\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unrestrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u4f20\u7ed9\\restrict\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\unrestrict\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\warn text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\watch [ i[nterval]=seconds ] [ c[ount]=times ] [ m[in_rows]=rows ] [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8fbe\u5230\u6267\u884c\u6b21\u6570\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff09\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u884c\u6570\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cfWATCH_INTERVAL\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\uff0cseconds \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6216\u4e0d\u5e26 interval= \u524d\u7f00\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u5c06SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165

\n
SELECT 1; SELECT 2; SELECT 3;\n
\n

\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\\;\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982

\n
SELECT 1\\; SELECT 2\\; SELECT 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

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\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dn mydb.*foo*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542bfoo\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3.2\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5217\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u4ecePSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u662f%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history-:DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5728~/.psqlrc\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PIPELINE_COMMAND_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6392\u961f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PIPELINE_RESULT_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740 \\flushrequest \u6216 \\syncpipeline\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 \\getresults \u53d6\u56de\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PIPELINE_SYNC_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6392\u961f\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6d88\u606f\u6570\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SERVICE
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SERVICEFILE
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a true\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a false\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_EXIT_CODE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_EXIT_CODE
\n
\n

\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u30020\u2013127 \u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u7801\uff0c128\u2013255 \u8868\u793a\u56e0\u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c-1 \u8868\u793a\u672a\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_ERROR\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_ALL_RESULTS
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\\;\uff09\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a on\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684 psql\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
WATCH_INTERVAL
\n
\n

\n

\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\\watch\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u79d2\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 2 \u79d2\u3002\u82e5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u63d2\u503c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%S
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dsearch_path\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd0\u884c PostgreSQL 17 \u6216\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%s
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%P
\n
\n

\n

\u7ba1\u9053\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u4e0d\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a off\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a on\uff0c\u5728\u5df2\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a abort\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%i
\n
\n

\u8868\u793a\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5904\u4e8e\u70ed\u5907\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u4e8e\u70ed\u5907\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 in_hot_standby \u62a5\u544a\u4e3a on\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a standby\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u663e\u793a primary\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u8bc6\u522b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 PostgreSQL 13 \u6216\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a ?\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
%w
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684 PROMPT1 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c PROMPT2 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u591a\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%x%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u6216libedit\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5f53psql\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1b\u5f53psql\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u4e0a\u7bad\u5934\u6216 control-P \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\uff08\u7edd\u975e\u5168\u90e8\uff09\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u5934\u8f93\u5165ins\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b TAB \u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u4e3ainsert into \u3002\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4e0bTAB\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u5c1a\u672a\u8f93\u5b8c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6309\u591a\u6b21TAB\u952e\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9 SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u8fdb\u884c TAB \u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728BEGIN\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21 TAB \u8865\u5168\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u53d1\u51faSET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u5c31\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5230\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a.inputrc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c38\u4e45\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662fpsql\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aReadline\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09

\n

-n\uff08--no-readline\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u8fd0\u884cpsql\u65f6\u7981\u7528 Readline\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62TAB \u8865\u5168\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u5305\u542b TAB \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u4e3a always\u3001auto\u548c never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_WATCH_PAGER
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u8bbe\u4e3a\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u3002pspg \u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e PostgreSQL\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\uff09\u4ee5 --stream \u9009\u9879\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a \\watch \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-19\u6216~/.psqlrc-19beta4\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u540e\u7f00\u662f\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u89e3

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 9.2 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

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    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

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    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

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\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

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psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

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    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

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    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

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\u793a\u4f8b

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

\n
testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          |\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

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testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
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\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
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\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
\n

\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\g\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table\npeter@localhost testdb-> \\g (format=aligned tuples_only=off expanded=on)\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 \\df \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d int*pl \u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a bigint \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\df int*pl * bigint\n                          List of functions\n   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type\n------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | int28pl | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func\n pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func\n pg_catalog | int8pl  | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func\n(3 rows)\n
\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c+ \u9009\u9879\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c x \u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\df+x int*pl integer bigint\nList of functions\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-------+-----------------------------\nSchema              | pg_catalog\nName                | int48pl\nResult data type    | bigint\nArgument data types | integer, bigint\nType                | func\nVolatility          | immutable\nParallel            | safe\nOwner               | postgres\nSecurity            | invoker\nLeakproof?          | no\nAccess privileges   |\nLanguage            | internal\nInternal name       | int48pl\nDescription         | implementation of + operator\n
\n

\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

\n
testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2\n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four\n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       |\n     2 |     | f   |       |\n     3 |     |     | t     |\n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

\n
testdb=> SELECT t1.first AS \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) AS \"AxB\",\ntestdb-> row_number() OVER (ORDER BY t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb-> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb-> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/19/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "1351be06967585f99a84454a26dff346091ea378daf6c7ed9fa18edee9d1131c", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[13]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[15]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[17]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[19]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[21]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[9]", "#APP-PSQL/div[2]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[3]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[13]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[15]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[19]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[21]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[23]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[25]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[25]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[27]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[29]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[31]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[35]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[37]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[39]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[41]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[45]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[47]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[49]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[51]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[53]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[55]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[55]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[57]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[57]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[59]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[61]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[63]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[65]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[67]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[67]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[69]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[6]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[9]", "#APP-PSQL/div[6]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[6]/p[1]", 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inventory", "/versions/19/facts/2/value": "Client applications", "/versions/19/facts/3/label": "Option definition groups", "/versions/19/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/19/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/19/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/19/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/19/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/19/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history (see the section called \u201cCommand-Line Editing\u201d below).", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. If any of the commands fails and the variable ON_ERROR_STOP was set, a ROLLBACK command is sent instead. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/19/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/19/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/19/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 32.15 ).", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If neither of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/7/description": "When a query is executed repeatedly with the \\watch command, a pager is not used by default. This behavior can be changed by setting PSQL_WATCH_PAGER to a pager command, on Unix systems. The pspg pager (not part of PostgreSQL but available in many open source software distributions) can display the output of \\watch if started with the option --stream .", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/19/tables/1/rows/10/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "cf702a193ae72c220f19f393512961b41d8ee6b99f3c76a175f6f2a13cfd30ad"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 54.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) If having several commands executed in one transaction is not desired, use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
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psql

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psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

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\u5927\u7eb2

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psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

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\u8bf4\u660e

\n

psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u9009\u9879

\n
\n
\n
-a
--echo-all
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-A
--no-align
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-b
--echo-errors
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-c command
--command=command
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684-c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7shell\u7684here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u6760\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6539\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aROLLBACK\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5728 Unix \u4e0a\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u786e\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a032.17\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (20devel)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 \\x \u6216 \\pset expanded \u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\bind [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9\u4efb\u610f\u53c2\u6570\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff08$1 \u7b49\uff09\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbl1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\bind 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9664 \\g \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\gx \u548c \\gset\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u96f6\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\bind_named statement_name [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\\bind_named \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\bind\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u628a\u73b0\u6709\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbls1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\parse stmt1\n\\bind_named stmt1 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216 port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a -\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e14psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u5c06\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u811a\u672c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\\connect\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u7684\\connect\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u503c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a directory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\close_prepared prepared_statement_name
\n
\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
SELECT $1 \\parse stmt1\n\\close_prepared stmt1\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e SSL \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cClient User \u5b57\u6bb5\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c Superuser \u5b57\u6bb5\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u901a\u5e38\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u66fe\u901a\u8fc7 SET ROLE \u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u4ec5\u542b \\. \u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684 SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982NOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\\d+\u4e0e\u524d\u8005\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8868\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b OID\u3001\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 x \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u663e\u793a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u53c2\u6570\u7684 \\d\uff0c\u4e14 x \u4e0d\u80fd\u7d27\u8ddf \\d\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a \\dx \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e S \u6216 + \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\d+x \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e \\dtvmsE+x\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAc[x+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.1\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAf[x+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.5\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAo[x+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAp[x+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.3\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dconfig[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\dconfig * \u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6388\u4e88\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548c trigger\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd \u663e\u793a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp[x] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.9\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\di[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd E\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t \u548c v \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dti \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55 WAL\uff09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwSx+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t \u6216 w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e C \u548c internal \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 \\sf \u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dF[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6240\u9009\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl[x+]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f \\lo_list \u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[Sx+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern [ arg_pattern ] ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 -\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548c REVOKE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.9\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itnx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679cpattern\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u7ea7\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u7cfb\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c n \u4e0e + \u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds[x] [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548c ALTER DATABASE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\drg[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08ADMIN\u3001INHERIT \u548c/\u6216 SET\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6388\u4e88\u8005\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1 GRANT \u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6388\u4e88\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u3001\u6392\u9664\u8868\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dX[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u79cd\u7c7b\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ndistinct\u3002defined \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cNULL \u8868\u793a\u672a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5224\u65ad ANALYZE \u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2 pg_stats_ext\u3002

\n
\n
\\dy[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\u5728\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6839\u636epsql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4ece\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\\r\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\\warn\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\\g\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684option=value\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\pset option value\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c=\u7b26\u53f7\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982\u679c=value\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684option\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\uff1a\\pset option\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9avalue\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86filename\u6216|command\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531\\pset\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\getenv psql_var env_var
\n
\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfenv_var\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u7ed9psql\u53d8\u91cfpsql_var\u3002\u5982\u679cenv_var\u5728psql\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cpsql_var\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\getenv home HOME\n=> \\echo :home\n/home/postgres\n
\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728my_table\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('CREATE INDEX ON my_table (%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\\gx \u4e0e \\g \u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728 \\pset \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a expanded=on\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 \\x\u3002

\n
\n
\\h\u6216\\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) AS is_customer,\n    EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) AS is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[x+]\u6216\\list[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709 CONNECT \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5177\u6709 pg_read_all_stats \u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list[x+]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8 PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p\u6216\\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\parse statement_name
\n
\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
SELECT $1 \\parse stmt1\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u6761Parse (F)\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u6709\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
display_false
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u66ff\u4ee3\u5047\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6253\u5370 f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
display_true
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u66ff\u4ee3\u771f\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6253\u5370 t\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e psql \u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6539\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u914d\u7f6e\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u9875\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3 psql \u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 pspg --stream\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
xheader_width
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6807\u9898\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8bbe\u4e3a full\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u3001column\u3001page \u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002

\n

full\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u5934\u4e0d\u622a\u65ad\uff0c\u5176\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6700\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

column\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

page\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff1a\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u9898\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q\u6216\\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r\u6216\\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\restrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\\unrestrict\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6epsql\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6709\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\startpipeline
\\sendpipeline
\\syncpipeline
\\endpipeline
\\flushrequest
\\flush
\\getresults [ number_results ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\startpipeline \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endpipeline \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5176\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\syncpipeline \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6761\u540c\u6b65\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u5f53\u524d\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5237\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u9762\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.5\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4 \\bind\u3001\\bind_named\u3001\\close_prepared \u548c \\parse \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\\sendpipeline \u4f1a\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982 \\g\u3001\\gx \u6216 \\gdesc\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\\flushrequest \u4f1a\u5411\u7ba1\u9053\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u6761 flush \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u53d1\u9001 sync \u6216\u7ed3\u675f\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7 \\getresults \u8bfb\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\\getresults \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\\flush \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u63a8\u9001\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\\getresults \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684 number_results \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6\u524d number_results \u4e2a\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u82e5\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5176\u503c\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5219\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u62a5\u544a\u7ba1\u9053\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be6\u89c1%P\u3002

\n

COPY \u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
\\startpipeline\nSELECT * FROM pg_class;\nSELECT 1 \\bind \\sendpipeline\n\\flushrequest\n\\getresults\n\\endpipeline\n
\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unrestrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u4f20\u7ed9\\restrict\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\unrestrict\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\warn text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\watch [ i[nterval]=seconds ] [ c[ount]=times ] [ m[in_rows]=rows ] [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8fbe\u5230\u6267\u884c\u6b21\u6570\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff09\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u884c\u6570\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cfWATCH_INTERVAL\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\uff0cseconds \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6216\u4e0d\u5e26 interval= \u524d\u7f00\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u5c06SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165

\n
SELECT 1; SELECT 2; SELECT 3;\n
\n

\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\\;\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982

\n
SELECT 1\\; SELECT 2\\; SELECT 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dn mydb.*foo*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542bfoo\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3.2\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5217\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u4ecePSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u662f%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history-:DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5728~/.psqlrc\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PIPELINE_COMMAND_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6392\u961f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PIPELINE_RESULT_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740 \\flushrequest \u6216 \\syncpipeline\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 \\getresults \u53d6\u56de\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PIPELINE_SYNC_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6392\u961f\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6d88\u606f\u6570\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SERVICE
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SERVICEFILE
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a true\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a false\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_EXIT_CODE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_EXIT_CODE
\n
\n

\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u30020\u2013127 \u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u7801\uff0c128\u2013255 \u8868\u793a\u56e0\u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c-1 \u8868\u793a\u672a\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_ERROR\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_ALL_RESULTS
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\\;\uff09\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a on\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684 psql\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
WATCH_INTERVAL
\n
\n

\n

\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\\watch\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u79d2\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 2 \u79d2\u3002\u82e5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u63d2\u503c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%S
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dsearch_path\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd0\u884c PostgreSQL 17 \u6216\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%s
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%P
\n
\n

\n

\u7ba1\u9053\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u4e0d\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a off\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a on\uff0c\u5728\u5df2\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a abort\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%i
\n
\n

\u8868\u793a\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5904\u4e8e\u70ed\u5907\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u4e8e\u70ed\u5907\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 in_hot_standby \u62a5\u544a\u4e3a on\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a standby\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u663e\u793a primary\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u8bc6\u522b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 PostgreSQL 13 \u6216\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a ?\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
%w
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684 PROMPT1 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c PROMPT2 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u591a\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%x%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u6216libedit\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5f53psql\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1b\u5f53psql\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u4e0a\u7bad\u5934\u6216 control-P \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\uff08\u7edd\u975e\u5168\u90e8\uff09\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u5934\u8f93\u5165ins\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b TAB \u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u4e3ainsert into \u3002\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4e0bTAB\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u5c1a\u672a\u8f93\u5b8c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6309\u591a\u6b21TAB\u952e\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9 SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u8fdb\u884c TAB \u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728BEGIN\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21 TAB \u8865\u5168\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u53d1\u51faSET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u5c31\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5230\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a.inputrc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c38\u4e45\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662fpsql\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aReadline\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09

\n

-n\uff08--no-readline\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u8fd0\u884cpsql\u65f6\u7981\u7528 Readline\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62TAB \u8865\u5168\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u5305\u542b TAB \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u4e3a always\u3001auto\u548c never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_WATCH_PAGER
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u8bbe\u4e3a\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u3002pspg \u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e PostgreSQL\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\uff09\u4ee5 --stream \u9009\u9879\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a \\watch \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.14\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-20\u6216~/.psqlrc-20devel\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u540e\u7f00\u662f\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u89e3

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 10 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

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    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

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    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

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    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

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\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

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psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

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    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

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    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

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\u793a\u4f8b

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

\n
testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          |\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
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\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
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\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
\n

\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\g\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\uff1a

\n
peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table\npeter@localhost testdb-> \\g (format=aligned tuples_only=off expanded=on)\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 \\df \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d int*pl \u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a bigint \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\df int*pl * bigint\n                          List of functions\n   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type\n------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | int28pl | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func\n pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func\n pg_catalog | int8pl  | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func\n(3 rows)\n
\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c+ \u9009\u9879\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c x \u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\df+x int*pl integer bigint\nList of functions\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-------+-----------------------------\nSchema              | pg_catalog\nName                | int48pl\nResult data type    | bigint\nArgument data types | integer, bigint\nType                | func\nVolatility          | immutable\nParallel            | safe\nOwner               | postgres\nSecurity            | invoker\nLeakproof?          | no\nAccess privileges   |\nLanguage            | internal\nInternal name       | int48pl\nDescription         | implementation of + operator\n
\n

\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

\n
testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2\n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four\n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       |\n     2 |     | f   |       |\n     3 |     |     | t     |\n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

\n
testdb=> SELECT t1.first AS \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) AS \"AxB\",\ntestdb-> row_number() OVER (ORDER BY t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb-> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb-> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/devel/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "1590b6e290ad21fe3ac1c1549628841ae426d1cd07a8f808789207878dbee5ab", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/div[1]/ul[0]/li[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[10]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/div[2]/ul[0]/li[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[11]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[13]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[15]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[17]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[19]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[21]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[12]/p[9]", "#APP-PSQL/div[2]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[3]/h2[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[11]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[13]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[15]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[19]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[21]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[23]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[25]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[25]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[27]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[29]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[31]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[35]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[37]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[39]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[41]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[45]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[47]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[49]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[51]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[53]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[55]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[55]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[57]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[57]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[59]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[61]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[63]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[65]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[67]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[67]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[69]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[3]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[5]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[6]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[7]/p[7]", "#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[9]", "#APP-PSQL/div[6]/h2[0]", 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"/versions/20/facts/1/label": "Executable version", "/versions/20/facts/2/label": "Reference inventory", "/versions/20/facts/2/value": "Client applications", "/versions/20/facts/3/label": "Option definition groups", "/versions/20/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/20/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/20/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/20/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/20/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/20/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history (see the section called \u201cCommand-Line Editing\u201d below).", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. If any of the commands fails and the variable ON_ERROR_STOP was set, a ROLLBACK command is sent instead. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/20/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/20/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/20/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 32.14 ).", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If neither of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/7/description": "When a query is executed repeatedly with the \\watch command, a pager is not used by default. This behavior can be changed by setting PSQL_WATCH_PAGER to a pager command, on Unix systems. The pspg pager (not part of PostgreSQL but available in many open source software distributions) can display the output of \\watch if started with the option --stream .", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/20/tables/1/rows/10/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "ec3f81fff2302d02f8b183f5f507dcfdf263bc44e0a33c4916f5e5071e2b9a4e"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 54.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) If having several commands executed in one transaction is not desired, use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <
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psql

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psql \u2014 PostgreSQL\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ec8\u7aef

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\u5927\u7eb2

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psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

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\u8bf4\u660e

\n

psql\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9PostgreSQL\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c shell \u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u9009\u9879

\n
\n
\n
-a
--echo-all
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-A
--no-align
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u662faligned\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format unaligned\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-b
--echo-errors
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u5931\u8d25\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-c command
--command=command
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32command\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-f\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53-c\u6216\u8005-f\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

command\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5305\u542bpsql\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408SQL\u548cpsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8981\u90a3\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a-c\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u5230psql\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;'\n
\n

\u6216\u8005

\n
echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql\n
\n

\uff08\\\\\u662f\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9-c\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684-c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528echo\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7shell\u7684here-document\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
psql <<EOF\n\\x\nSELECT * FROM foo;\nEOF\n
\n
\n
--csv
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230CSV\uff08\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u503c\uff09\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\\pset format csv\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-d dbname
--dbname=dbname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9adbname\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002dbname \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-e
--echo-queries
\n
\n

\n

\u4e5f\u628a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-E
--echo-hidden
\n
\n

\n

\u56de\u663e\\d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b66\u4e60psql\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u628a\u53d8\u91cfECHO_HIDDEN\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-f filename
--file=filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e-c\u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-c\u6216-f\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709-c\u548c-f\u9009\u9879\u540e\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\i\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline\uff08\u5f88\u50cf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86-n\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u5199\u6210psql < filename\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4f60\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528-f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u673a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u542f\u52a8\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u4f60\u624b\u5de5\u9010\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
-F separator
--field-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528separator\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u6216\u8005\\f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-h hostname
--host=hostname
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4ee5\u659c\u6760\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-H
--html
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u5230HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset format html\u6216\u8005\\H\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-l
--list
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\list\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93postgres\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u901a\u8fc7-d\u9009\u9879\u6216\u975e\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u9879\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
-L filename
--log-file=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5199\u5230\u666e\u901a\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-n
--no-readline
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u8fdb\u884c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u201d\u4e00\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-o filename
--output=filename
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\\o\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-p port
--port=port
\n
\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u5730 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 PGPORT \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 5432\u3002

\n
\n
-P assignment
--pset=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\\pset\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u6765\u5206\u9694\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aLaTeX\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u6210-P format=latex\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-q
--quiet
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9apsql\u5e94\u8be5\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6b22\u8fce\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c31\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528-c\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cfQUIET\u4e3aon\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-R separator
--record-separator=separator
\n
\n

\n

\u628aseparator\u7528\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-s
--single-step
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-S
--single-line
\n
\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5206\u53f7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u575a\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u4e86SQL\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u672a\u5fc5\u603b\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
-t
--tuples-only
\n
\n

\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5370\u5217\u540d\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\t\u6216\u8005\\pset tuples_only\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-T table_options
--table-attr=table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728HTML table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\\pset tableattr\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-U username
--username=username
\n
\n

\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237username\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-v assignment
--set=assignment
--variable=assignment
\n
\n

\n

\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u548c\\set\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7b49\u53f7\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u53f7\u4f46\u662f\u53bb\u6389\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5904\u7406\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u5728\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-V
--version
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-w
--no-password
\n
\n

\u6c38\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u811a\u672c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5728\u573a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-W
--password
\n
\n

\u5f3a\u5236psql\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219psql\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cpsql\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a-W\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6b21\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\connect\u3002

\n
\n
-x
--expanded
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\x\u6216\u8005\\pset expanded\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-X
--no-psqlrc
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u65e2\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-z
--field-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-0
--record-separator-zero
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0exargs -0\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\\pset recordsep_zero\u3002

\n

\n
\n
-1
--single-transaction
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a-c\u548c/\u6216-f\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aCOMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6539\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aROLLBACK\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u8981\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5e94\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542bBEGIN\u3001COMMIT\u6216ROLLBACK\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n
-?
--help[=topic]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aoptions\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91capsql\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6709\u5173psql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001

\n

\u5982\u679cpsql\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411 shell \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u3001\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u4e14\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 2\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u53d8\u91cfON_ERROR_STOP\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 3\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u7528\u6cd5

\n
\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93

\n

psql \u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 PostgreSQL \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002psql \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879 -d\u3001-h\u3001-p \u548c -U \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cpsql \u5728 Unix \u4e0a\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u901a\u8fc7 TCP/IP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 localhost\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u786e\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u5f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u77e5\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u9002\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGDATABASE\u3001PGHOST\u3001PGPORT\u548cPGUSER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5c11\u6572\u4e00\u4e9b\u952e\u76d8\uff08\u989d\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a~/.pgpass\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5e38\u624b\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 conninfo \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216 URI \u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql \"service=myservice sslmode=require\"\n$ psql postgresql://dbmaster:5433/mydb?sslmode=require\n
\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628aLDAP\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u00a032.18\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.2\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7b49\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48psql\u4f1a\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201cauto\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\uff08\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u662fLC_CTYPE\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPGCLIENTENCODING\u8986\u76d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u8f93\u5165 SQL \u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u8be5\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662fpsql\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32=>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
$ psql testdb\npsql (18.6)\nType \"help\" for help.\n\ntestdb=>\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1a\u672a\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u4ecesearch_path\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165options=-csearch_path=\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u51faSELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u975epsql\u7279\u6709\uff1b\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cpsql\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f6e\u8be2\u7531LISTEN\u548cNOTIFY\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002

\n

\u867d\u7136 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5757\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46 SQL \u6807\u51c6\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u79fb\u9664\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u5143\u547d\u4ee4

\n

\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5230psql\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531psql\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba9psql\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u659c\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

psql\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u3002

\n

\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u5b83\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8981\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5199\u4e24\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7c7b\u4f3c C \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u6362\uff1a\\n\uff08\u6362\u884c\uff09\u3001\\t\uff08\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3001\\b\uff08\u9000\u683c\uff09\u3001\\r\uff08\u56de\u8f66\uff09\u3001\\f\uff08\u6362\u9875\uff09\u3001\\digits\uff08\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\\xdigits\uff08\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6587\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2apsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u9762SQL \u63d2\u503c\u6240\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684:'variable_name'\u548c:\"variable_name\"\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u3002:{?variable_name}\u8bed\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab TRUE \u6216 FALSE \u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u8be5\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u3002

\n

\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff09\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0:variable_name\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cvariable_name\u662fpsql\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c:'variable_name'\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bf9\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c:'variable_name'\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u3002

\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53d7 SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u540d\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9075\u5faa SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff08\"\uff09\u4f1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4f1a\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFOO\"BAR\"BAZ \u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a fooBARbaz\uff0c\u800c \"A weird\"\" name\" \u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a A weird\" name\u3002

\n

\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u4f1a\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u6216\u9047\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u65b0\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5e8f\u5217\\\\\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u6790SQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6709\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548cpsql\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u5148\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 \\x \u6216 \\pset expanded \u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
\\a
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8868\u683c\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\bind [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u7ed9\u4efb\u610f\u53c2\u6570\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff08$1 \u7b49\uff09\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbl1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\bind 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9664 \\g \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\gx \u548c \\gset\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u96f6\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\uff09\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\bind_named statement_name [ parameter ] ...
\n
\n

\\bind_named \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\bind\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u628a\u73b0\u6709\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
INSERT INTO tbls1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\parse stmt1\n\\bind_named stmt1 'first value' 'second value' \\g\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.1.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\c \u6216 \\connect [ -reuse-previous=on|off ] [ dbname [ username ] [ host ] [ port ] | conninfo ]
\n
\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528conninfo\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.1.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002

\n

\u5c06dbname\u3001username\u3001host\u6216 port\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a -\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u3002

\n

\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982sslmode\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9aconninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u9012-reuse-previous=on\u6216-reuse-previous=off\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5728conninfo\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539host\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4efb\u4f55hostaddr\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u91cd\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528libpq\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u5173\u95ed\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e14psql\u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6267\u884c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u5c06\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u811a\u672c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u811a\u672c\u610f\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\\connect\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\\connect\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0d\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u4ece\u5931\u8d25\u7684\\connect\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u503c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\c mydb myuser host.dom 6432\n=> \\c service=foo\n=> \\c \"host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb connect_timeout=10 sslmode=disable\"\n=> \\c -reuse-previous=on sslmode=require    -- changes only sslmode\n=> \\c postgresql://tom@localhost/mydb?application_name=myapp\n
\n
\n
\\C [ title ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset title title\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6e90\u81ea\u201ccaption\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6eHTML\u8868\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
\\cd [ directory ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a directory\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.16\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\! pwd\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\close_prepared prepared_statement_name
\n
\n

\u5173\u95ed\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
SELECT $1 \\parse stmt1\n\\close_prepared stmt1\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\conninfo
\n
\n

\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e SSL \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cClient User \u5b57\u6bb5\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c Superuser \u5b57\u6bb5\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u901a\u5e38\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u66fe\u901a\u8fc7 SET ROLE \u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u3002

\n
\n
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ]
\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531psql\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6307\u5b9aprogram\u65f6\uff0ccommand \u7531psql\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9command\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u4ec5\u542b \\. \u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5185\u8054\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout\u3002

\n

\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0eSQL COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0eCOPY\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\\copy\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\copy\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\\copy ... to\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\g filename \u6216\\g |program\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e\\copy\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684 SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\copyright
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793aPostgreSQL\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u6761\u6b3e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\crosstabview [ colV [ colH [ colD [ sortcolH ] ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u4e0e\\g\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u7f51\u683c\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u5217\u3002\u7531colV\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\uff0c\u7531colH\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u6210\u4e3a\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u3002colD\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u3002sortcolH\u6807\u8bc6\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5217\u53f7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u540d\uff1b\u5217\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u6298\u53e0\u548c\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7701\u7565\u65f6\uff0ccolV \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u5217\uff0ccolH \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u3002colH \u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e colV \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a colD\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u6709\u4e09\u5217\uff0c\u65e2\u975e colV \u4e5f\u975e colH \u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a colD\u3002

\n

\u7eb5\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u6700\u5de6\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolV\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u542bcolH\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684sortcolH\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800ccolH\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684sortcolH\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6a2a\u5411\u8868\u5934\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e colH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c x \u548c colV \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u503c y\uff0c\u4ea4\u70b9 (x,y) \u7684\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4fdd\u5b58\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d colH=x \u4e14 colV=y \u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u7684 colD \u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u884c\u65f6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n
\n
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982NOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\\d+\u4e0e\u524d\u8005\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u8868\u5217\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b OID\u3001\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u89c6\u56fe\u65f6\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u590d\u5236\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216S\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 x \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u663e\u793a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u53c2\u6570\u7684 \\d\uff0c\u4e14 x \u4e0d\u80fd\u7d27\u8ddf \\d\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a \\dx \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e S \u6216 + \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\d+x \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e \\dtvmsE+x\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\da[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6240\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dA[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAc[x+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.1\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAf[x+] [access-method-pattern [input-type-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.5\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 input-type-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAo[x+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.2\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dAp[x+] [access-method-pattern [operator-family-pattern]]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u5173\u8054\u7684\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a036.16.3\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 access-method-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 operator-family-pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65cf\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\db[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5173\u8054\u9009\u9879\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dc[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dconfig[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\dconfig * \u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6388\u4e88\u975e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dC[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dd[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u663e\u793aconstraint\u3001operator class\u3001operator family\u3001rule\u548c trigger\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\\dd \u663e\u793a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 COMMENT SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
\\dD[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ddp[x] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5df2\u504f\u79bb\u5185\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u9002\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.8\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dE[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\di[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dm[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\ds[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dt[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\\dv[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd E\u3001i\u3001m\u3001s\u3001t \u548c v \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8868\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dti \u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f55 WAL\uff09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\des[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal servers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\det[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal tables\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u901a\u7528\u9009\u9879\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\deu[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal users\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u5c0f\u5fc3

\n

\\deu+\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cc4\u9732\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\dew[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff08\u52a9\u8bb0\u7b26\uff1a\u201cexternal wrappers\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\df[anptwSx+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u201cagg\u201d\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001\u201cnormal\u201d\u3001\u201cprocedure\u201d\u3001\u201ctrigger\u201d\u6216\u201cwindow\u201d\u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a\u3001n\u3001p\u3001t \u6216 w\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e C \u548c internal \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 \\sf \u67e5\u770b\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dF[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFd[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6240\u9009\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u9009\u9879\u503c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFp[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bcd\u5143\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dFt[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dg[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\du\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dl[x+]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u662f \\lo_list \u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dL[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dn[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\do[Sx+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern [ arg_pattern ] ] ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ca\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u53f3\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a arg_pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 -\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e95\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dO[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7801\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dp[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

GRANT\u548c REVOKE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5728\u7b2c\u00a05.8\u00a0\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u3002

\n
\n
\\dP[itnx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679cpattern\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u4fee\u9970\u7b26t\uff08\u8868\uff09\u548ci\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u9970\u7b26n\uff08\u201cnested\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u6839\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7236\u7ea7\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u7cfb\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c n \u4e0e + \u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u53f6\u5206\u533a\u7684\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u793a\u5305\u62ec\u95f4\u63a5\u9644\u52a0\u5b50\u5206\u533a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u603b\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

\n
\n
\\drds[x] [ role-pattern [ database-pattern ] ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u3002role-pattern\u548cdatabase-pattern\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u7701\u7565\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a*\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6216\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

ALTER ROLE\u548c ALTER DATABASE \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\\drg[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08ADMIN\u3001INHERIT \u548c/\u6216 SET\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6388\u4e88\u8005\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1 GRANT \u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u6388\u4e88\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n
\n
\\dRp[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dRs[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u590d\u5236\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dT[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e enum \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u5141\u8bb8\u503c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\du[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272\u3002\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u201c\u89d2\u8272\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u73b0\u5728\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e \\dg\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dx[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\dX[x] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u6bcf\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u5728\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u79cd\u7c7b\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Ndistinct\u3002defined \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u8be5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cNULL \u8868\u793a\u672a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5224\u65ad ANALYZE \u662f\u5426\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c4\u5212\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2 pg_stats_ext\u3002

\n
\n
\\dy[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u540c\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\e \u6216 \\edit [ filename ] [ line_number ]
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86filename\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fafilename\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u540e\u5728\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6839\u636epsql\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5305\u542b\u5206\u53f7\u6216\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u4ece\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5230\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8f93\u5165\\r\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5728\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u3002\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\i\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\echo text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> \\echo `date`\nTue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684-n\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528\\qecho\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\\warn\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE FUNCTION\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\uff09

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ef\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\encoding [ encoding ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u7801\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\errverbose
\n
\n

\n

\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u91cd\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cfVERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3averbose\uff0cSHOW_CONTEXT\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalways\u4e00\u6837\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\ev [ view_name [ line_number ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3aCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\edit\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216\\g\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528\\r\u53d6\u6d88\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684CREATE VIEW\u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0cpsql\u5c06\u5149\u6807\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u884c\u4e0a\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\ev\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\f [ string ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff08|\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\pset fieldsep\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\g [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\\g\u540e\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684option=value\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\\pset option value\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u751f\u6548\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c=\u7b26\u53f7\u5468\u56f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u9879\u5b50\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u5982\u679c=value\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684option\u4f1a\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u6539\uff1a\\pset option\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9avalue\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86filename\u6216|command\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7167\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5165\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6216\u6267\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\g\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\\o\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531\\pset\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\gdesc
\n
\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u5373\u5217\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\getenv psql_var env_var
\n
\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfenv_var\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u7ed9psql\u53d8\u91cfpsql_var\u3002\u5982\u679cenv_var\u5728psql\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cpsql_var\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
=> \\getenv home HOME\n=> \\echo :home\n/home/postgres\n
\n
\n
\\gexec
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728my_table\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname)\n-> FROM pg_attribute\n-> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0\n-> ORDER BY attnum\n-> \\gexec\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\nCREATE INDEX\n
\n

\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5217\u65f6\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565 NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e ON_ERROR_STOP\uff0c\u67d0\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u5747\u9075\u5faa ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries\uff09\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gset [ prefix ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5b58\u5165 psql \u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0e\u5217\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset\n=> \\echo :var1 :var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86prefix\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5217\u540d\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff1a

\n
=> SELECT 'hello' AS var1, 10 AS var2\n-> \\gset result_\n=> \\echo :result_var1 :result_var2\nhello 10\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ filename ]
\\gx [ (option=value [...]) ] [ |command ]
\n
\n

\\gx \u4e0e \\g \u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728 \\pset \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a expanded=on\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 \\x\u3002

\n
\n
\\h\u6216\\help [ command ]
\n
\n

\u7ed9\u51fa\u6307\u5b9aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9acommand\uff0c\u5219psql\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679ccommand\u662f\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\help\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\\help alter table\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\H \u6216 \\html
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5f00HTML\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679cHTML\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5219\u5207\u6362\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\uff1b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89c1\\pset\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\i \u6216 \\include filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6filename\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679cfilename\u662f-\uff08\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230 EOF \u6307\u793a\u6216\\q\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cfECHO\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\if expression
\\elif expression
\\else
\\endif
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\\if\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\\endif\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\\elif\u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\\else\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\if \u548c \\elif \u8bfb\u53d6\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif\u3001\\else \u6216 \\endif\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u5747\u672a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u624d\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\\if \u6216 \\elif \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u5f00\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6548\u503c\u4e3a true\u3001false\u30011\u30010\u3001on\u3001off\u3001yes\u3001no \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 t\u3001T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\\if\u3001\\elif\u3001\\else\u3001\\endif\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n

\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\\include\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730\\if\u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0cpsql\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
-- check for the existence of two separate records in the database and store\n-- the results in separate psql variables\nSELECT\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer,\n    EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456) as is_employee\n\\gset\n\\if :is_customer\n    SELECT * FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123;\n\\elif :is_employee\n    \\echo 'is not a customer but is an employee'\n    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE employee_id = 456;\n\\else\n    \\if yes\n        \\echo 'not a customer or employee'\n    \\else\n        \\echo 'this will never print'\n    \\endif\n\\endif\n
\n
\n
\\ir \u6216 \\include_relative filename
\n
\n

\n

\\ir\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\i\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u89e3\u6790\u76f8\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\\ir\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\l[x+]\u6216\\list[x+] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5217\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u5176\u62e5\u6709 CONNECT \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5177\u6709 pg_read_all_stats \u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_export loid filename
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5177\u6709OIDloid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165filename\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fd\u6570 lo_export\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\lo_import filename [ comment ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aPostgreSQL\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me'\nlo_import 152801\n
\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\lo_list\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684lo_import\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002

\n
\n
\\lo_list[x+]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8 PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 +\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6743\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\lo_unlink loid
\n
\n

\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u5220\u9664OID \u4e3a loid\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u67e5\u627e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 OID\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\o \u6216 \\out [ filename ]
\\o \u6216 \\out [ |command ]
\n
\n

\u5c06\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n

\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\\d\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\\qecho\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\p\u6216\\print
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5370\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\parse statement_name
\n
\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\u672a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9884\u5907\u8bed\u53e5\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
SELECT $1 \\parse stmt1\n
\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8epsql\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u6761Parse (F)\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728psql\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002

\n
\n
\\password [ username ]
\n
\n

\n

\u66f4\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3aALTER ROLE\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\prompt [ text ] name
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32text\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6587\u672c\u3002\uff09

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\prompt \u4f7f\u7528\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -f \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\\prompt \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
\\pset [ option [ value ] ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002option\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u54ea\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002value\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7701\u7565value\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u89c1\u5404\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7701\u7565value\u53ea\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\pset\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u6253\u5370\u9009\u9879\u6709\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
border
\n
\n

\n

value\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u683c\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u548c\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec6\u8282\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aborder=...\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u503c 0\uff08\u65e0\u8fb9\u6846\uff09\u30011\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\uff09\u548c 2\uff08\u8868\u683c\u5916\u6846\uff09\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u4e0eborder = 2\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u3002latex\u548clatex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u503c 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\u5217
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\u6216\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5782\u76f4\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u96f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfCOLUMNS\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e COLUMNS\u5219\u7531\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679ccolumns\u4e3a\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6309\u8be5\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6298\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
csv_fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728CSV\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6CSV\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
expanded\uff08\u6216x\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff08\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662fauto\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u4e24\u5217\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u6a2a\u5411\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u591a\u5217\u4e14\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c4f\u5e55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u548c\u6298\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\\pset fieldsep '\\t'\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f'|'\uff08\u7ad6\u7ebf\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
fieldsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
footer
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u8868\u683c\u9875\u811a\uff08(n rows)\u8ba1\u6570\uff09\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u9875\u811a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\n
\n
format
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aaligned\u3001asciidoc\u3001csv\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable\u3001troff-ms\u3001unaligned\u6216wrapped\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002

\n

aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u4e14\u6392\u7248\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

unaligned\u683c\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u6216\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCSV\u683c\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

csv\u683c\u5f0f\u6309\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u503c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528 RFC 4180 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CSV\u683c\u5f0f\u7684 COPY\u547d\u4ee4\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5217\u540d\u7684\u8868\u5934\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e tuples_only\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on\u3002\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u9875\u811a\u3002\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7bUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMicrosoft Windows\u5219\u662f\u56de\u8f66\u548c\u6362\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\\r\\n\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\\pset csv_fieldsep\u9009\u62e9\u9017\u53f7\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u503c\u6298\u6210\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u5bbd\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1columns\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cpsql\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6298\u884c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5217\u6807\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u603b\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0cwrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0ealigned\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

asciidoc\u3001html\u3001latex\u3001latex-longtable \u548c troff-ms \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u3002HTML \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b8c\u6574\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46 LaTeX \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u3002latex \u4f7f\u7528 LaTeX \u7684 tabular \u73af\u5883\uff1blatex-longtable \u9700\u8981 LaTeX \u7684 longtable \u548c booktabs \u5b8f\u5305\u3002

\n
\n
linestyle
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u4e3aascii\u3001old-ascii\u6216unicode\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7f29\u5199\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aascii\u3002\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cdaligned\u548cwrapped\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002

\n

ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684+\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53wrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u628a\u6570\u636e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

old-ascii\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u91c7\u7528PostgreSQL 8.4 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684:\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7528;\u7b26\u53f7\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de6\u4fa7\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002

\n

unicode\u6837\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u6846\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4ee5\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6298\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u7f18\u663e\u793a\u7701\u7565\u53f7\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u7f18\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u5f53border\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0clinestyle\u9009\u9879\u8fd8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed8\u5236\u8fb9\u6846\u7ebf\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684ASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u652f\u6301 Unicode \u7684\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0cUnicode \u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u3002

\n
\n
null
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7a7a\u503c\u6253\u5370\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528\\pset null '(null)'\u3002

\n

\n
\n
numericlocale
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
pager
\n
\n

\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e psql \u5e2e\u52a9\u8f93\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53 pager \u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\u4e3a on \u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e14\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a always \u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u5185\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u503c\u7684 \\pset pager \u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5206\u9875\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfPSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6307\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982more\uff09\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6539\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5206\u9875\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u914d\u7f6e\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u9875\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3 psql \u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 pspg --stream\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
pager_min_lines
\n
\n

\u82e5 pager_min_lines \u5927\u4e8e\u5c4f\u5e55\u9875\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
recordsep
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u884c\uff09\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
recordsep_zero
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06\u975e\u5bf9\u9f50\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\u5b57\u8282\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tableattr\uff08\u6216T\uff09
\n
\n

\u5728HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982cellpadding\u6216bgcolor\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9aborder\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\\pset border\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8868\u683c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

\n

\u5728latex-longtable\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5de6\u5bf9\u9f50\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\u5217\u8868\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982'0.2 0.2 0.6'\u3002\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
title\uff08\u6216C\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51favalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002

\n

\n
\n
tuples_only\uff08\u6216t\uff09
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86value\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662fon\u6216off\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565value\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5217\u6807\u9898\u3001\u8868\u683c\u6807\u9898\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u9875\u811a\u7b49\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_border_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u6846\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_column_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5217\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
unicode_header_linestyle
\n
\n

\n

\u5c06unicode\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u5934\u5206\u9694\u7ebf\u7ed8\u5236\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3asingle\u6216double\u3002

\n

\n
\n
xheader_width
\n
\n

\u5c06\u6269\u5c55\u8f93\u51fa\u6807\u9898\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8bbe\u4e3a full\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u3001column\u3001page \u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002

\n

full\uff1a\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u5934\u4e0d\u622a\u65ad\uff0c\u5176\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6700\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u3002

\n

column\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

page\uff1a\u5c06\u8868\u5934\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff1a\u7cbe\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u9898\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\\pset\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\\a\u3001\\C\u3001\\f\u3001\\H\u3001\\t\u3001\\T\u548c\\x\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\q\u6216\\quit
\n
\n

\n

\u9000\u51fapsql\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\qecho text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\r\u6216\\reset
\n
\n

\n

\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\restrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u9000\u51fa\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\\unrestrict\u3002\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n
\n
\\s [ filename ]
\n
\n

\n

\u6253\u5370psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230filename\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565filename\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\set [ name [ value [ ... ] ] ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6epsql\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u503c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\\set\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6240\u6709psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002

\n

\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002

\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236psql\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6709\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0eSQL\u547d\u4ee4SET\u65e0\u5173\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\\setenv name [ value ]
\n
\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfname\u4e3avalue\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u672a\u63d0\u4f9bvalue\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\setenv PAGER less\ntestdb=> \\setenv LESS -imx4F\n
\n
\n
\\sf[+] function_description
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION\u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ec5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text)\u3002\u82e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002

\n

\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 +\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u884c\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\sv[+] view_name
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u5230\u7531\\o\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0+\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u884c\u5c06\u4ece1\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\sv\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\startpipeline
\\sendpipeline
\\syncpipeline
\\endpipeline
\\flushrequest
\\flush
\\getresults [ number_results ]
\n
\n

\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\startpipeline \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endpipeline \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5176\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\syncpipeline \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6761\u540c\u6b65\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u5f53\u524d\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5237\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u9762\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.5\u00a0\u8282\u3002

\n

\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u3002\u5143\u547d\u4ee4 \\bind\u3001\\bind_named\u3001\\close_prepared \u548c \\parse \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\\sendpipeline \u4f1a\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982 \\g\u3001\\gx \u6216 \\gdesc\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

\n

\\flushrequest \u4f1a\u5411\u7ba1\u9053\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u6761 flush \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u53d1\u9001 sync \u6216\u7ed3\u675f\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7 \\getresults \u8bfb\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\\getresults \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\\flush \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u63a8\u9001\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002

\n

\\getresults \u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684 number_results \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6\u524d number_results \u4e2a\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u82e5\u7701\u7565\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u5176\u503c\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5219\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u62a5\u544a\u7ba1\u9053\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be6\u89c1%P\u3002

\n

COPY \u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u3002

\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

\n
\\startpipeline\nSELECT * FROM pg_class;\nSELECT 1 \\bind \\sendpipeline\n\\flushrequest\n\\getresults\n\\endpipeline\n
\n
\n
\\t
\n
\n

\n

\u5207\u6362\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u540d\u6807\u9898\u548c\u884c\u6570\u9875\u811a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tuples_only\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\T table_options
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u5728HTML\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u653e\u5728table\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset tableattr table_options\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\timing [ on | off ]
\n
\n

\n

\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u6bcf\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8017\u65f6\u4ee5\u6beb\u79d2\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5206\u949f:\u79d2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c\u5929\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\unrestrict restrict_key
\n
\n

\u9000\u51fa\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5165\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u4f20\u7ed9\\restrict\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n

\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e pg_dump\u3001pg_dumpall \u548c pg_restore \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\unrestrict\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\\unset name
\n
\n

\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5220\u9664\uff09psql\u53d8\u91cfname\u3002

\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n
\n
\\w \u6216 \\write filename
\\w \u6216 \\write |command
\n
\n

\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6filename\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5|\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684command\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\warn text [ ... ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\\echo\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u5199\u5165psql\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\watch [ i[nterval]=seconds ] [ c[ount]=times ] [ m[in_rows]=rows ] [ seconds ]
\n
\n

\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08\u5982\u540c \\g \u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8fbe\u5230\u6267\u884c\u6b21\u6570\u4e0a\u9650\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff09\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u884c\u6570\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 2 \u79d2\uff09\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cfWATCH_INTERVAL\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\uff0cseconds \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6216\u4e0d\u5e26 interval= \u524d\u7f00\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\pset title \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ef6\u8fdf\u95f4\u9694\u3002

\n

\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n
\n
\\x [ on | off | auto ]
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5207\u6362\u6269\u5c55\u8868\u683c\u683c\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\\pset expanded\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\z[Sx] [ pattern ]
\n
\n

\u5217\u51fa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002

\n

\u8fd9\u662f\\dp\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff08\u201c\u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\u201d\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\\! [ command ]
\n
\n

\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell\uff1b\u5b50 shell \u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0cpsql\u6062\u590d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4command\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\\!\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u539f\u6837\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\u3002

\n
\n
\\? [ topic ]
\n
\n

\n

\u663e\u793a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684topic\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3acommands\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684psql\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1acommands\u63cf\u8ff0psql\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1boptions\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9psql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u800cvariables\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8epsql\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\\;
\n
\n

\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u5c06SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8f93\u5165

\n
select 1; select 2; select 3;\n
\n

\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e09\u4e2aSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\\;\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982

\n
select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3;\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN/COMMIT\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a054.2.2.1\u00a0\u8282\u3002\uff09

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6a21\u5f0f

\n

\u5f88\u591a\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2apattern\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afoo\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5728 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u5199\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b26\u5408 SQL \u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt \"FOO\"\"BAR\"\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3aFOO\"BAR\uff08\u4e0d\u662ffoo\"bar\uff09\u7684\u8868\u3002\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684 SQL \u540d\u79f0\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5468\u56f4\u653e\u4e0a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\dt FOO\"FOO\"BAR\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u4e3afooFOObar\u7684\u8868\u3002

\n

\u53ea\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\\d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2014 \u8fd9\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u7528*\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e14\u540c\u540d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9650\u5b9a\uff09\u3002\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a*.*\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c*\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u53f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u50cf Unix shell \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt int*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5int\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c*\u548c?\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dt foo*.*bar* \u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u4ee5 foo \u5f00\u5934\u3001\u8868\u540d\u5305\u542b bar \u7684\u8868\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u70b9\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\u7684\u70b9\u53f7\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff08.\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\uff08.\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\dn mydb.*foo*\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542bfoo\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002

\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7b49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982[0-9]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u7b2c\u00a09.7.3\u00a0\u8282\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u9664\u5916\uff1a.\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c*\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bb0\u53f7.*\uff0c?\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210.\uff0c\u800c$\u5219\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528?\u6a21\u62df.\uff0c\u7528(R+|)\u6a21\u62dfR*\uff0c\u6216\u7528(R|)\u6a21\u62dfR?\u3002$\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7528\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c$\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u4e0a*\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u540d\u79f0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff08\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\\do\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e5f\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027

\n
\n

\u53d8\u91cf

\n

psql\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u548c\u666e\u901a Unix \u547d\u4ee4 shell \u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u540d\u79f0/\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u3002

\n

\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\\set\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo bar\n
\n

\u4f1a\u5c06foo\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cbar\u3002\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\echo :foo\nbar\n
\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0b\u6587\u7684SQL \u63d2\u503c\u4e2d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u503c\u3002\u8981\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u5373\u5220\u9664\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\\unset\u3002\u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\\set\u65f6\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\\set\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u670d\u4ece\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\\set :foo 'something'\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u522b\u5f97\u5230Perl\u6216\u8005PHP\u7684\u201c\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53ef\u53d8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\\set bar :foo\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

\n
\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88abpsql\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u793apsql\u7684\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7531\u5168\u90e8\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672a\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u907f\u514d\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002

\n

\u63a7\u5236psql\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u503c\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\\unset\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\\set\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u503con\u548coff\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982true\u548cfalse\u3002

\n

\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
AUTOCOMMIT
\n
\n

\u5728\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8981\u63a8\u8fdf\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aBEGIN\u6216\u8005START TRANSACTION SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u663e\u5f0f\u53d1\u51faCOMMIT\u6216\u8005END\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cSQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684BEGIN\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u65e2\u4e0d\u662fBEGIN\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982VACUUM\uff09\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7ABORT\u6216\u8005ROLLBACK\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e SQL \u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u5173\u95ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684~/.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002

\n
\n
\n
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
\n
\n

\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u8865\u5168\u4e00\u4e2a SQL \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u65f6\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3alower\u6216\u8005upper\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3apreserve-lower\u6216\u8005preserve-upper\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u8be5\u8bcd\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u8865\u5168\u6210\u5c0f\u5199\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002

\n

\n
\n
DBNAME
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aall\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u975e\u7a7a\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4f1a\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aqueries\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aerrors\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u6709\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u662f-b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ECHO_HIDDEN
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u88ab\u5148\u663e\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60PostgreSQL\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u5173-E\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnoexec\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662foff\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ENCODING
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u4f60\u7528\\encoding\u66f4\u6539\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u662ffalse\u3002\u53e6\u89c1SQLSTATE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
FETCH_COUNT
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0cSELECT\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u663e\u793a\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u62ff\u5230\u4ee5\u540e\u518d\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ec4\u5305\u542b\u7684\u884c\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 100 \u5230 1000 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u3002

\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a

\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684aligned\u683c\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684FETCH_COUNT\u884c\u5c06\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HIDE_TABLEAM
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3atrue\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u5217\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002

\n

\n
\n
HISTCONTROL
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aignorespace\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cignoredups\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u3002\u503cignoreboth\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTFILE
\n
\n

\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u4ecePSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f~/.psql_history\uff0c\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u662f%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
\\set HISTFILE ~/.psql_history-:DBNAME\n
\n

\u653e\u5728~/.psqlrc\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4psql\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HISTSIZE
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 500\uff09\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4e0a\u9650\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
HOST
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
IGNOREEOF
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a 1 \u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5411 psql \u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u53d1\u9001 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Control + D\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u6b21\u6570\u7684 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\u975e\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a 10\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4eceBash\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
LASTOID
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684 OID \u503c\uff0c\u7531 INSERT \u6216 \\lo_import \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ece\u7248\u672c 12 \u8d77\uff0cPostgreSQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u518d\u652f\u6301 OID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c INSERT \u540e LASTOID \u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524dpsql\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQLSTATE\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3ainteractive\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aoff\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6b62\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u56de\u6eda\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u4f60\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u5f0f\u7684SAVEPOINT\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ON_ERROR_STOP
\n
\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a on \u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801 3\uff0c\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7801 1 \u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u811a\u672c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u5c42\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9876\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u505c\u6b62\u5904\u7406\u3002

\n
\n
PIPELINE_COMMAND_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6392\u961f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PIPELINE_RESULT_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740 \\flushrequest \u6216 \\syncpipeline\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 \\getresults \u53d6\u56de\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PIPELINE_SYNC_COUNT
\n
\n

\n

\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6392\u961f\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6d88\u606f\u6570\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PORT
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9apsql\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u6837\u3002\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
QUIET
\n
\n

\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-q\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5904\u4e0d\u5927\u3002

\n

\n
\n
ROW_COUNT
\n
\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a 0\u3002

\n
\n
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SERVICE
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_ERROR
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a true\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a false\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_EXIT_CODE\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL_EXIT_CODE
\n
\n

\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u30020\u2013127 \u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9000\u51fa\u7801\uff0c128\u2013255 \u8868\u793a\u56e0\u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c-1 \u8868\u793a\u672a\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5176\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7 \\!\u3001\\g\u3001\\o\u3001\\w \u548c \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\uff08`\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\o\uff0c\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u5173\u95ed\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u9053\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u53e6\u89c1 SHELL_ERROR\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_ALL_RESULTS
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\\;\uff09\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a on\u3002\u8bbe\u4e3a off \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684 psql\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHOW_CONTEXT
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cnever\u3001errors\u6216\u8005always\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793aCONTEXT\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ferrors\uff08\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u901a\u77e5\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5f53VERBOSITY\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aterse\u6216sqlstate\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e0\u6548\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLELINE
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-S\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SINGLESTEP
\n
\n

\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3aon\u7b49\u6548\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879-s\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SQLSTATE
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u89c1\u9644\u5f55\u00a0A\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u5219\u4e3a00000\u3002

\n

\n
\n
USER
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u8005\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERBOSITY
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u503cdefault\u3001verbose\u3001terse\u6216\u8005sqlstate\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u53e6\u89c1\\errverbose\uff0c\u5728\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u521a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
\n
\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620psql\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08\u4f8b\u59829.6.2\u300110.1\u6216\u800511beta1\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u598290602\u6216\u8005100001\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n

\n
\n
WATCH_INTERVAL
\n
\n

\n

\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\\watch\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u79d2\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a 2 \u79d2\u3002\u82e5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

SQL \u63d2\u503c

\n

psql\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u201c\u63d2\u503c\u201d\uff09\u5230\u5e38\u89c4SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpsql\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u5730\u63d2\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :foo;\n
\n

\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8868my_table\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff1a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002

\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u8981\u7528\u4f5c SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b83\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a SQL \u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5199\u6cd5\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set foo 'my_table'\ntestdb=> SELECT * FROM :\"foo\";\n
\n

\u5728\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684SQL\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c':foo'\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u751f\u6210\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u503c\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set content `cat my_file.txt`\ntestdb=> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');\n
\n

\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679cmy_file.txt\u5305\u542b NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002psql\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165 NUL \u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5192\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u63d2\u503c\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u5373:name\u3001:'name'\u6216\u8005:\"name\"\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

:{?name}\u7279\u6b8a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fd4\u56de TRUE \u6216 FALSE\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5192\u53f7\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u8f6c\u4e49\u3002

\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ECPG\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684SQL\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5207\u7247\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662fPostgreSQL\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u7528\u6cd5\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u8f6c\u4e49\u6210 SQL \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cdpsql\u6269\u5c55\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26

\n

psql \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4f60\u7684\u559c\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002PROMPT1\u3001PROMPT2 \u548c PROMPT3 \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u662f psql \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b0\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4f1a\u5728\u5f55\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53f7\u5c1a\u672a\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c SQL COPY FROM STDIN \u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3\u3002

\n

\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4f1a\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff08%\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\n
\n
\n
%M
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff08\u542b\u57df\u540d\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\uff1b\u5982\u679c Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0d\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local:/dir/name]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%m
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u5904\u622a\u65ad\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7 Unix \u57df\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a[local]\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%>
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%n
\n
\n

\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%s
\n
\n

\n

\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%/
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%~
\n
\n

\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c %/\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa ~\uff08\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%#
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a#\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a>\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0cSET SESSION AUTHORIZATION\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u503c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\uff09

\n

\n
\n
%p
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%P
\n
\n

\n

\u7ba1\u9053\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u4e0d\u5728\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a off\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a on\uff0c\u5728\u5df2\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e3a abort\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%R
\n
\n

\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a =\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5904\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u4e2d\u672a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a @\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a ^\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5df2\u65ad\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\connect \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a !\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 2 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4f1a\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8868\u793a psql \u7b49\u5f85\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e3a -\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684 /* ... */ \u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5e26\u5f15\u53f7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u65f6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u65f6\u4e3a (\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u4e2d\uff0c%R \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

\n
\n
%x
\n
\n

\n

\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a *\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a !\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a ?\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%l
\n
\n

\n

\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%digits
\n
\n

\n

\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%:name:
\n
\n

\n

psql \u53d8\u91cf name \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%`command`
\n
\n

\n

command \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u3002

\n

\n
\n
%[ ... %]
\n
\n

\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6539\u53d8\u63d0\u793a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u6807\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 Readline \u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6253\u5370\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 %[ \u548c %] \u5305\u56f4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u7ec4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%]%# '\n
\n

\u5176\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5728\u517c\u5bb9 VT100 \u4e14\u652f\u6301\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c97\u4f53\uff081;\uff09\u7684\u9ed1\u5e95\u9ec4\u5b57\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0833;40\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
%w
\n
\n

\n

\u4e0e\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684 PROMPT1 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c PROMPT2 \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u591a\u884c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u8981\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u767e\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199 %%\u3002\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 1 \u548c 2 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '%/%R%x%# '\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 3 \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a '>> '\u3002

\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u5730\u4ecetcsh\u6284\u88ad\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91

\n

\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528\uff0cpsql \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Readline\u6216libedit\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5f53psql\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff1b\u5f53psql\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u4e0a\u7bad\u5934\u6216 control-P \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u884c\u3002

\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\uff08\u7edd\u975e\u5168\u90e8\uff09\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u5934\u8f93\u5165ins\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b TAB \u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u4e3ainsert into \u3002\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u8868\u540d\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4e0bTAB\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8865\u5168\u5c1a\u672a\u8f93\u5b8c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6309\u591a\u6b21TAB\u952e\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u83dc\u5355\u3002\uff09

\n

\u5bf9 SQL \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d\u8fdb\u884c TAB \u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728BEGIN\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21 TAB \u8865\u5168\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u53d1\u51faSET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL\u5c31\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528 TAB \u8865\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5230\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a.inputrc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c38\u4e45\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\uff1a

\n
$if psql\nset disable-completion on\n$endif\n
\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662fpsql\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aReadline\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09

\n

-n\uff08--no-readline\uff09\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5355\u6b21\u8fd0\u884cpsql\u65f6\u7981\u7528 Readline\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62TAB \u8865\u5168\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u5305\u542b TAB \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u73af\u5883

\n
\n
\n
COLUMNS
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\\pset columns\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u4e8ewrapped\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5206\u9875\u5668\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u81ea\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PGDATABASE
PGHOST
PGPORT
PGUSER
\n
\n

\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PG_COLOR
\n
\n

\n

\u6307\u5b9a\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u989c\u8272\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u503c\u4e3a always\u3001auto\u548c never\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR
EDITOR
VISUAL
\n
\n

\n

\\e\u3001\\ef\u4ee5\u53ca\\ev\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684vi\u6216\u8005Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684notepad.exe\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
\n
\n

\u5f53 \\e\u3001\\ef \u6216 \\ev \u5e26\u6709\u884c\u53f7\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u53f7\u4f20\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e Emacs \u6216 vi \u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u540d\u548c\u884c\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u672b\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

\n
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+'\nPSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line '\n
\n

\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f+\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f16\u8f91\u5668vi\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u3002\u5728 Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002

\n
\n
PSQL_HISTORY
\n
\n

\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_PAGER
PAGER
\n
\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u7ed9\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u503c\u662fmore\u6216less\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06PSQL_PAGER\u6216PAGER\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\\pset\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0e\u5206\u9875\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5206\u9875\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u6309\u7167\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528more\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Cygwin\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528less\u3002

\n

\n
\n
PSQL_WATCH_PAGER
\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528 \\watch \u547d\u4ee4\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728 Unix \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 PSQL_WATCH_PAGER \u8bbe\u4e3a\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u3002pspg \u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e PostgreSQL\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b83\uff09\u4ee5 --stream \u9009\u9879\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a \\watch \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002

\n
\n
PSQLRC
\n
\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684.psqlrc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\uff08~\uff09\u6269\u5c55\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002

\n

\n
\n
SHELL
\n
\n

\n

\u88ab\\!\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\n
\n
TMPDIR
\n
\n

\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f/tmp\u3002

\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6 PostgreSQL \u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528 libpq \u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u89c1\u7b2c\u00a032.15\u00a0\u8282\uff09\u3002

\n
\n
\n

\u6587\u4ef6

\n
\n
\n
psqlrc \u548c ~/.psqlrc
\n
\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709-X\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08psqlrc\uff09\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08~/.psqlrc\uff09\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u4e14\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\\set\u548cSET\u547d\u4ee4\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a psqlrc\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5b83\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd0\u884c pg_config --sysconfdir\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b PostgreSQL \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 ../etc/\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 PGSYSCONFDIR \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002

\n

\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a.psqlrc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6539\u4e3a%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psqlrc.conf\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePSQLRC\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u6b64\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9644\u52a0\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548cPostgreSQL\u7684\u5927\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c0f\u7248\u672c\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0epsql\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982~/.psqlrc-18\u6216~/.psqlrc-18.6\u3002\u6700\u5177\u4f53\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u540e\u7f00\u662f\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u3002

\n
\n
.psql_history
\n
\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6~/.psql_history\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6587\u4ef6%APPDATA%\\postgresql\\psql_history\u4e2d\u3002

\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HISTFILE psql\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005PSQL_HISTORY\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u663e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u6ce8\u89e3

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    psql\u6700\u9002\u5408\u4e0e\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8f83\u65e7\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\\d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u81f3 9.2 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4psql\u672c\u8eab\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u663e\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \n

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7528psql\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u7248\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684psql\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7248\u672c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efdpsql\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9488\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728 PostgreSQL 9.6 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c-c \u9009\u9879\u610f\u5473\u7740 -X\uff08--no-psqlrc\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u5728PostgreSQL 8.4 \u4e4b\u524d\uff0cpsql\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5728\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u5206\u9694\u3002

    \n
    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u7ed9 Windows \u7528\u6237\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3

\n

psql\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5e94\u7528\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5728psql\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 8 \u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5982\u679cpsql\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8b66\u544a\u4f60\u3002\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a

\n
\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u8f93\u5165cmd.exe /c chcp 1252\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff081252 \u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 Cygwin\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5728/etc/profile\u4e2d\u3002

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    \u628a\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u5b57\u4f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aLucida Console\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6805\u683c\u5b57\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e ANSI \u4ee3\u7801\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

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\u793a\u4f8b

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a

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testdb=> CREATE TABLE my_table (\ntestdb(>  first integer not null default 0,\ntestdb(>  second text)\ntestdb-> ;\nCREATE TABLE\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a

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testdb=> \\d my_table\n              Table \"public.my_table\"\n Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default\n--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------\n first  | integer |           | not null | 0\n second | text    |           |          |\n
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\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u6539\u6210\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

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testdb=> \\set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%# '\npeter@localhost testdb=>\n
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\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n first | second\n-------+--------\n     1 | one\n     2 | two\n     3 | three\n     4 | four\n(4 rows)\n
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\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\pset \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8868\u683c\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 2\nBorder style is 2.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n+-------+--------+\n| first | second |\n+-------+--------+\n|     1 | one    |\n|     2 | two    |\n|     3 | three  |\n|     4 | four   |\n+-------+--------+\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 0\nBorder style is 0.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\nfirst second\n----- ------\n    1 one\n    2 two\n    3 three\n    4 four\n(4 rows)\n\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset border 1\nBorder style is 1.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format csv\nOutput format is csv.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset tuples_only\nTuples only is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none,1\ntwo,2\nthree,3\nfour,4\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset format unaligned\nOutput format is unaligned.\npeter@localhost testdb=> \\pset fieldsep '\\t'\nField separator is \"    \".\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT second, first FROM my_table;\none     1\ntwo     2\nthree   3\nfour    4\n
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\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> \\a \\t \\x\nOutput format is aligned.\nTuples only is off.\nExpanded display is on.\npeter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\\g\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\uff1a

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peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table\npeter@localhost testdb-> \\g (format=aligned tuples_only=off expanded=on)\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-\nfirst  | 1\nsecond | one\n-[ RECORD 2 ]-\nfirst  | 2\nsecond | two\n-[ RECORD 3 ]-\nfirst  | 3\nsecond | three\n-[ RECORD 4 ]-\nfirst  | 4\nsecond | four\n
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\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 \\df \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u67e5\u627e\u540d\u79f0\u5339\u914d int*pl \u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a bigint \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a

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testdb=> \\df int*pl * bigint\n                          List of functions\n   Schema   |  Name   | Result data type | Argument data types | Type\n------------+---------+------------------+---------------------+------\n pg_catalog | int28pl | bigint           | smallint, bigint    | func\n pg_catalog | int48pl | bigint           | integer, bigint     | func\n pg_catalog | int8pl  | bigint           | bigint, bigint      | func\n(3 rows)\n
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\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c+ \u9009\u9879\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c x \u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a

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testdb=> \\df+x int*pl integer bigint\nList of functions\n-[ RECORD 1 ]-------+-----------------------------\nSchema              | pg_catalog\nName                | int48pl\nResult data type    | bigint\nArgument data types | integer, bigint\nType                | func\nVolatility          | immutable\nParallel            | safe\nOwner               | postgres\nSecurity            | invoker\nLeakproof?          | no\nAccess privileges   |\nLanguage            | internal\nInternal name       | int48pl\nDescription         | implementation of + operator\n
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\u5728\u9002\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\crosstabview \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u8868\uff1a

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testdb=> SELECT first, second, first > 2 AS gt2 FROM my_table;\n first | second | gt2\n-------+--------+-----\n     1 | one    | f\n     2 | two    | f\n     3 | three  | t\n     4 | four   | t\n(4 rows)\n\ntestdb=> \\crosstabview first second\n first | one | two | three | four\n-------+-----+-----+-------+------\n     1 | f   |     |       |\n     2 |     | f   |       |\n     3 |     |     | t     |\n     4 |     |     |       | t\n(4 rows)\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u6309\u6570\u5b57\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u6309\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\u6570\u5b57\u6392\u5217\u3002

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testdb=> SELECT t1.first as \"A\", t2.first+100 AS \"B\", t1.first*(t2.first+100) as \"AxB\",\ntestdb-> row_number() over(order by t2.first) AS ord\ntestdb-> FROM my_table t1 CROSS JOIN my_table t2 ORDER BY 1 DESC\ntestdb-> \\crosstabview \"A\" \"B\" \"AxB\" ord\n A | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n---+-----+-----+-----+-----\n 4 | 404 | 408 | 412 | 416\n 3 | 303 | 306 | 309 | 312\n 2 | 202 | 204 | 206 | 208\n 1 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104\n(4 rows)\n
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"/versions/18/facts/3/label": "Option definition groups", "/versions/18/tables/0/title": "Documented options", "/versions/18/tables/1/title": "Environment variables", "/versions/18/related/0/label": "psql meta-commands", "/versions/18/related/1/label": "libpq connection parameters", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/0/summary": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/1/summary": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/2/summary": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/3/summary": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/4/summary": "Switches to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format csv .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/5/summary": "Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is equivalent to specifying dbname as the first non-option argument on the command line. The dbname can be a connection string . If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/6/summary": "Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/7/summary": "Echo the actual queries generated by \\d and other backslash commands. You can use this to study psql 's internal operations. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO_HIDDEN to on .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/8/summary": "Read commands from the file filename , rather than standard input. This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -c option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. Except for that, this option is largely equivalent to the meta-command \\i .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/9/summary": "Use separator as the field separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep or \\f .", "/versions/18/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Option and arguments", "/versions/18/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Description", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/10/summary": "Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix-domain socket.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/11/summary": "Switches to HTML output mode. This is equivalent to \\pset format html or the \\H command.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/12/summary": "List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection options are ignored. This is similar to the meta-command \\list .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/13/summary": "Write all query output into file filename , in addition to the normal output destination.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/14/summary": "Do not use Readline for line editing and do not use the command history (see the section called \u201cCommand-Line Editing\u201d below).", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/15/summary": "Put all query output into file filename . This is equivalent to the command \\o .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/16/summary": "Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix-domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections. Defaults to the value of the PGPORT environment variable or, if not set, to the port specified at compile time, usually 5432.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/17/summary": "Specifies printing options, in the style of \\pset . Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX , you could write -P format=latex .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/18/summary": "Specifies that psql should do its work quietly. By default, it prints welcome messages and various informational output. If this option is used, none of this happens. This is useful with the -c option. This is equivalent to setting the variable QUIET to on .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/19/summary": "Use separator as the record separator for unaligned output. This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/20/summary": "Run in single-step mode. That means the user is prompted before each command is sent to the server, with the option to cancel execution as well. Use this to debug scripts.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/21/summary": "Runs in single-line mode where a newline terminates an SQL command, as a semicolon does.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/22/summary": "Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, etc. This is equivalent to \\t or \\pset tuples_only .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/23/summary": "Specifies options to be placed within the HTML table tag. See \\pset tableattr for details.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/24/summary": "Connect to the database as the user username instead of the default. (You must have permission to do so, of course.)", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/25/summary": "Perform a variable assignment, like the \\set meta-command. Note that you must separate name and value, if any, by an equal sign on the command line. To unset a variable, leave off the equal sign. To set a variable with an empty value, use the equal sign but leave off the value. These assignments are done during command line processing, so variables that reflect connection state will get overwritten later.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/26/summary": "Print the psql version and exit.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/27/summary": "Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available from other sources such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/28/summary": "Force psql to prompt for a password before connecting to a database, even if the password will not be used.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/29/summary": "Turn on the expanded table formatting mode. This is equivalent to \\x or \\pset expanded .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/30/summary": "Do not read the start-up file (neither the system-wide psqlrc file nor the user's ~/.psqlrc file).", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/31/summary": "Set the field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is equivalent to \\pset fieldsep_zero .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/32/summary": "Set the record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte. This is useful for interfacing, for example, with xargs -0 . This is equivalent to \\pset recordsep_zero .", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/33/summary": "This option can only be used in combination with one or more -c and/or -f options. It causes psql to issue a BEGIN command before the first such option and a COMMIT command after the last one, thereby wrapping all the commands into a single transaction. If any of the commands fails and the variable ON_ERROR_STOP was set, a ROLLBACK command is sent instead. This ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no changes are applied.", "/versions/18/tables/0/rows/34/summary": "Show help about psql and exit. The optional topic parameter (defaulting to options ) selects which part of psql is explained: commands describes psql 's backslash commands; options describes the command-line options that can be passed to psql ; and variables shows help about psql configuration variables.", "/versions/18/tables/1/columns/0/label": "Variable", "/versions/18/tables/1/columns/1/label": "Meaning", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/0/description": "If \\pset columns is zero, controls the width for the wrapped format and width for determining if wide output requires the pager or should be switched to the vertical format in expanded auto mode.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/1/description": "Default connection parameters (see Section 32.15 ).", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/2/description": "Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always , auto and never .", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/3/description": "Editor used by the \\e , \\ef , and \\ev commands. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If none of them is set, the default is to use vi on Unix systems or notepad.exe on Windows systems.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/4/description": "When \\e , \\ef , or \\ev is used with a line number argument, this variable specifies the command-line argument used to pass the starting line number to the user's editor. For editors such as Emacs or vi , this is a plus sign. Include a trailing space in the value of the variable if there needs to be space between the option name and the line number. Examples: PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='+' PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG='--line ' The default is + on Unix systems (corresponding to the default editor vi , and useful for many other common editors); but there is no default on Windows systems.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/5/description": "Alternative location for the command history file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/6/description": "If a query's results do not fit on the screen, they are piped through this command. Typical values are more or less . Use of the pager can be disabled by setting PSQL_PAGER or PAGER to an empty string, or by adjusting the pager-related options of the \\pset command. These variables are examined in the order listed; the first that is set is used. If neither of them is set, the default is to use more on most platforms, but less on Cygwin.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/7/description": "When a query is executed repeatedly with the \\watch command, a pager is not used by default. This behavior can be changed by setting PSQL_WATCH_PAGER to a pager command, on Unix systems. The pspg pager (not part of PostgreSQL but available in many open source software distributions) can display the output of \\watch if started with the option --stream .", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/8/description": "Alternative location of the user's .psqlrc file. Tilde ( ~ ) expansion is performed.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/9/description": "Command executed by the \\! command.", "/versions/18/tables/1/rows/10/description": "Directory for storing temporary files. The default is /tmp ."}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "d18bbfb49a4cc89a98678a6903511d5b896ca4f873a401899f6b203300909100"}, "comparison_data": {"options": [{"names": ["-a", "--echo-all"], "signature": "-a --echo-all", "description": "Print all nonempty input lines to standard output as they are read. (This does not apply to lines read interactively.) This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to all ."}, {"names": ["-A", "--no-align"], "signature": "-A --no-align", "description": "Switches to unaligned output mode. (The default output mode is aligned .) This is equivalent to \\pset format unaligned ."}, {"names": ["-b", "--echo-errors"], "signature": "-b --echo-errors", "description": "Print failed SQL commands to standard error output. This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to errors ."}, {"names": ["-c command", "--command= command"], "signature": "-c command --command= command", "description": "Specifies that psql is to execute the given command string, command . This option can be repeated and combined in any order with the -f option. When either -c or -f is specified, psql does not read commands from standard input; instead it terminates after processing all the -c and -f options in sequence. command must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., it contains no psql -specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix SQL and psql meta-commands within a -c option. To achieve that, you could use repeated -c options or pipe the string into psql , for example: psql -c '\\x' -c 'SELECT * FROM foo;' or echo '\\x \\\\ SELECT * FROM foo;' | psql ( \\\\ is the separator meta-command.) Each SQL command string passed to -c is sent to the server as a single request. Because of this, the server executes it as a single transaction even if the string contains multiple SQL commands, unless there are explicit BEGIN / COMMIT commands included in the string to divide it into multiple transactions. (See Section 54.2.2.1 for more details about how the server handles multi-query strings.) If having several commands executed in one transaction is not desired, use repeated -c commands or feed multiple commands to psql 's standard input, either using echo as illustrated above, or via a shell here-document, for example: psql <