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\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

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\n

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\n
\n

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\n

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\n
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Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)", "/versions/10/facts/0/label": "Client", "/versions/10/facts/1/label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "/versions/10/tables/0/title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "/versions/10/related/0/label": "psql command-line options and complete manual", "/versions/10/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Command", "/versions/10/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "b0b06fa51d6c7c6f67a4354c72c4a61d9f264061e2129703208f670e51304720"}, "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "d9ed89f096f73f6f84d6d631c8b2bc2fa120b03db6b074db567574c6e60b90c1", "manual_language": "zh"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=11", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "\u672c\u7248\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "\u547d\u4ee4"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u4fee\u9970\u7b26"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=11", "label": "psql \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u53ca\u5b8c\u6574\u624b\u518c"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": "41d75855e610d0d9b8802b87dc5b080bef8d7e91c7cf69401fbf8d3cf801b4b5", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-US.pdf", "bytes": 12961189, "pages": 2883, "sha256": "6a8899ef36935a5b7ed2b436207564a567a4ef1eb1c2200195876b8de4d4fa30", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "11", "index": "index.html", "major": "11", "pages": 1125, "release": "11.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "revision": "53315ddaf3b3f9e6669fd1edc096bbb2cd4a65ea3e836c89e542b43af9ba3a7f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "sources": [{"url": "https://pg.center/docs/11/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "11.22 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "sha256": "32c4d489e91e59715de2f7c3264fcccab3dd1eca54673dbfeac61304b0c54d4d", "language": "en", "original_url": "/docs/11/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d pattern \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca NOT NULL \u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08 \u201c \u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f \u201d \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u6a21\u5f0f \u3002\uff09"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

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\n
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\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

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\n

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\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

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\n
\n
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\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

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\n

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\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/13/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "dd2bf63d81b9a9d3fc69c646197cfdc14a0b1bab1c9f0b98608d66554da4a261", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[3]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/13/description/0": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)", "/versions/13/facts/0/label": "Client", "/versions/13/facts/1/label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "/versions/13/tables/0/title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "/versions/13/related/0/label": "psql command-line options and complete manual", "/versions/13/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Command", "/versions/13/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "bf4ad582b54132d081ff20364c354c8a3d79270371bf22cfd195b972db928f22"}, "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. 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\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

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\n

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\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/14/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "11c74f85ef9d2c9b3921e0c622d69dd3f1b3ed0c916197a94ddab5540153e310", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[17]/p[3]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/14/description/0": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)", "/versions/14/facts/0/label": "Client", "/versions/14/facts/1/label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "/versions/14/tables/0/title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "/versions/14/related/0/label": "psql command-line options and complete manual", "/versions/14/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Command", "/versions/14/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "c17212f08f69b410222a21b7056a7475c6d20b736e626e0b2f0cde1eda127640"}, "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "fb664d61c1918a75b9df9dcd79cdeab17e8c422a0f1a8883d2ab26aa64098004", "manual_language": "zh"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.19"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=15", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "\u672c\u7248\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "\u547d\u4ee4"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u4fee\u9970\u7b26"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=15", "label": "psql \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u53ca\u5b8c\u6574\u624b\u518c"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.19/postgresql-15.19.tar.bz2", "label": "15.19", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/15/postgresql-15-A4.pdf", "bytes": 14609140, "pages": 2987, "sha256": "66228564a4d16efb47d6a914085716ecfe22ca1566db56bc7c3d82f790646d72", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/15/postgresql-15-US.pdf", "bytes": 14495690, "pages": 3153, "sha256": "645a498c2390d47a6223ec74770631185807a19c484edb0fc5a295d9f460bc02", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "15", "index": "index.html", "major": "15", "pages": 1168, "release": "15.19", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.19/postgresql-15.19.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "e1a64a87a46b825b88c082e4518161a47aab53c45694964f8ba1df28f7859f89"}, "revision": "6af958c6520151fc7697d56e0616b03fb00522c4568158674d452ae0644ba545", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "e1a64a87a46b825b88c082e4518161a47aab53c45694964f8ba1df28f7859f89"}, "sources": [{"url": "https://pg.center/docs/15/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "15.19 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS", "sha256": "cb07228edb4914a53530afca316fd700a250cc062af2d5a74d24add93afbd0c8", "language": "en", "original_url": "/docs/15/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMANDS"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982 NOT NULL \u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08 \u201c \u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f \u201d \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u6a21\u5f0f \u4e2d\u3002\uff09"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0epattern\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982NOT NULL\u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08\u201c\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\uff09

\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n
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\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

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\n

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\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

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\n
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", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/16/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "72833cd861534255277e73a650a16ab07f11c38db9df980213b8335751a3273d", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/p[3]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/16/description/0": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. 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( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)", "/versions/16/facts/0/label": "Client", "/versions/16/facts/1/label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "/versions/16/tables/0/title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "/versions/16/related/0/label": "psql command-line options and complete manual", "/versions/16/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Command", "/versions/16/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "a366282eb02e5d266d5d8b545662faf7d528df4fb4acce4f4e077fdf7144f308"}, "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. 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Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "fb664d61c1918a75b9df9dcd79cdeab17e8c422a0f1a8883d2ab26aa64098004", "manual_language": "zh"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.11"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=17", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "S+"}], "title": "\u672c\u7248\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "\u547d\u4ee4"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u4fee\u9970\u7b26"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=17", "label": "psql \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u53ca\u5b8c\u6574\u624b\u518c"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.11/postgresql-17.11.tar.bz2", "label": "17.11", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/17/postgresql-17-A4.pdf", "bytes": 15521293, "pages": 3099, "sha256": "1991354df0dc89e70ec39328c28988ef8b19c6a93671dab3893650b63e9f4e36", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/17/postgresql-17-US.pdf", "bytes": 15398150, "pages": 3270, "sha256": "07696c8f38abf31babf22d2db337093936e7c472d2af36d050b000c49bbcf52c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "17", "index": "index.html", "major": "17", "pages": 1143, "release": "17.11", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.11/postgresql-17.11.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "dd27f2b3c59e73ed14aa3324901242bf69a032a6347805f274e6260322d42979"}, "revision": "58419c9b0dd42cb34c8d53695bb025a7e582edf55ccd4c5bcb1c2c7c71a37487", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "dd27f2b3c59e73ed14aa3324901242bf69a032a6347805f274e6260322d42979"}, "sources": [{"url": "https://pg.center/docs/17/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "17.11 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "04c77661f1c96a64e91a27313542c34aff0c7d2a94e350ed98c6f9f35700629b", "language": "en", "original_url": "/docs/17/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982 NOT NULL \u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08 \u201c \u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f \u201d \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u6a21\u5f0f \u4e2d\u3002\uff09"], "manual_html": "
\\d[S+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

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\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/17/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "820a5ee48a79666cef06bfe375ea9337e7a347b6d32c921738edd824fe5aa9f8", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[10]/dl[0]/dd[19]/p[3]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/17/description/0": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)", "/versions/17/facts/0/label": "Client", "/versions/17/facts/1/label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "/versions/17/tables/0/title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "/versions/17/related/0/label": "psql command-line options and complete manual", "/versions/17/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Command", "/versions/17/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "05aafcdc83e7266720923fb63f5eb3203580762ef47973a3af533aea1fd638f3"}, "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "S+"}], "signature": "\\d[S+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure."}, "comparison_hash": "fb664d61c1918a75b9df9dcd79cdeab17e8c422a0f1a8883d2ab26aa64098004", "manual_language": "zh"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 18.6"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=18", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "title": "\u672c\u7248\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "\u547d\u4ee4"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u4fee\u9970\u7b26"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=18", "label": "psql \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u53ca\u5b8c\u6574\u624b\u518c"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2", "label": "18.6", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-A4.pdf", "bytes": 15865106, "pages": 3154, "sha256": "19512c405da53f9f7fcf0abba359223aa65f021be025bf3411381918f92e3190", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/18/postgresql-18-US.pdf", "bytes": 15748059, "pages": 3328, "sha256": "facbe6c229e598b872d3d98bef53308f46e06746006fa4590de9a7de9dd46319", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "18", "index": "index.html", "major": "18", "pages": 1148, "release": "18.6", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.6/postgresql-18.6.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"}, "revision": "ee8d1a3612338fd9adf250730cb640fcc5233b5491337cc00a316a44e3a0b9f8", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "555610c24d53e4316da5b7d3fc25c279d96856d5e0e23ee308c328c5fa881d9f"}, "sources": [{"url": "https://pg.center/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "18.6 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "fa2a1d39294b8854318e82e93f71272c645ed88150ecc2786c28902c3f32782c", "language": "en", "original_url": "/docs/18/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982 NOT NULL \u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08 \u201c \u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f \u201d \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u6a21\u5f0f \u4e2d\u3002\uff09"], "manual_html": "
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

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\n

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\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/18/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "4ff5633229e0afa7feecc2750a7187d2d45a7eef0ca8febc73e4e5c15ac7fa6d", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[3]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/18/description/0": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)", "/versions/18/facts/0/label": "Client", "/versions/18/facts/1/label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "/versions/18/tables/0/title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "/versions/18/related/0/label": "psql command-line options and complete manual", "/versions/18/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Command", "/versions/18/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "ff529012b794b6f40d4bffafc6b5726879d1749a175ef8c1982f3c8ce6ba99cb"}, "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated indexes, constraints, rules, and triggers are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode."}, "comparison_hash": "6ae2a701bc740560cd1479bd276f943a7351d1e16f9acba5592f15c17649c653", "manual_language": "zh"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 19beta4"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=19", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "title": "\u672c\u7248\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "\u547d\u4ee4"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u4fee\u9970\u7b26"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=19", "label": "psql \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u53ca\u5b8c\u6574\u624b\u518c"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19beta4/postgresql-19beta4.tar.bz2", "label": "19beta4", "major": "19", "channel": "preview", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/19/postgresql-19-A4.pdf", "bytes": 16064841, "pages": 3052, "sha256": "4dd099e4125c591128fc5f3ebd02178dc24781f9e5ae629f96d67c4c8547427b", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/19/postgresql-19-US.pdf", "bytes": 15974616, "pages": 3225, "sha256": "61971fa857f0956d47341a0388fa6af9ae10acf691d4b2fc009007d384b0342b", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "19", "index": "index.html", "major": "19", "pages": 1155, "release": "19beta4", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19beta4/postgresql-19beta4.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 5, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "83157ee9c599d03b2f7a3d73ef3a56ec24e0e79cc2b3501a64d1364f56398c86"}, "revision": "1bbbbf4133d426f0e4304010688d2984c30fb67df0cc3a61b3e37eb3f6f37833", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "83157ee9c599d03b2f7a3d73ef3a56ec24e0e79cc2b3501a64d1364f56398c86"}, "sources": [{"url": "https://pg.center/docs/19/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "19beta4 English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "312975c12d6e4d62aeebcb5e98e7ca795c6d07ecb743b4bc64403dc42bc2a6e9", "language": "en", "original_url": "/docs/19/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982 NOT NULL \u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08 \u201c \u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f \u201d \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u6a21\u5f0f \u4e2d\u3002\uff09"], "manual_html": "
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\\d\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u5217\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5217\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9009\u9879\u3002

\n

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\n

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\n
\n

\u6ce8\u610f

\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\\d\u800c\u6ca1\u6709pattern\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\\dtvmsE\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fbf\u5229\u63aa\u65bd\u3002

\n

\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 x \u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u663e\u793a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5e26 pattern \u53c2\u6570\u7684 \\d\uff0c\u4e14 x \u4e0d\u80fd\u7d27\u8ddf \\d\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a \\dx \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e S \u6216 + \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\\d+x \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e \\dtvmsE+x\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

\n
\n
", "manual_path": "app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "localization": {"status": "complete", "sources": [{"url": "/docs/19/app-psql.html", "method": "same-major semantic node", "sha256": "1351be06967585f99a84454a26dff346091ea378daf6c7ed9fa18edee9d1131c", "language": "zh", "matched_nodes": ["#APP-PSQL/div[5]/div[1]/dl[0]/dd[43]/div[1]/h3[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/div[4]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[0]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[1]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[2]", "#APP-PSQL/div[7]/div[3]/div[11]/dl[0]/dd[23]/p[3]"]}], "language": "zh", "original_text": {"/versions/19/description/0": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.)", "/versions/19/facts/0/label": "Client", "/versions/19/facts/1/label": "Case-sensitive spelling", "/versions/19/tables/0/title": "Spellings in this manual definition", "/versions/19/related/0/label": "psql command-line options and complete manual", "/versions/19/tables/0/columns/0/label": "Command", "/versions/19/tables/0/columns/1/label": "Documented suffix modifiers"}, "fallback_fields": [], "source_language": "en", "original_snapshot_sha256": "fc88557882985039d8826f182eb9f3a4be041d1bd9421157173ab1150a604e24"}, "comparison_data": {"modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "definition": "For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: for example, any comments associated with the columns of the table, the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\d (because \\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\d+x is equivalent to \\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode."}, "comparison_hash": "966318696639f00fcf00c41a118bfc83cf6a9d7a29138cc4f8c3938dcfd69696", "manual_language": "zh"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\d"}], "tables": [{"key": "spellings", "rows": [{"command": {"url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-64/?v=20", "text": "\\d"}, "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "title": "\u672c\u7248\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "columns": [{"key": "command", "label": "\u547d\u4ee4"}, {"key": "modifiers", "label": "\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u4fee\u9970\u7b26"}]}], "command": "\\d", "related": [{"url": "/wiki/tool/psql/?v=20", "label": "psql \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u53ca\u5b8c\u6574\u624b\u518c"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/20/postgresql-20-A4.pdf", "bytes": 16030631, "pages": 3052, "sha256": "bd5d82c0ce38fc18f92a0447818a91a193a261776bca1c37564bf9a683e177d0", "built_at": "2026-09-28"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/20/postgresql-20-US.pdf", "bytes": 15936613, "pages": 3223, "sha256": "d97d9e0db479a02f4234b175f50fcad70c3661619afc8d6df9b9437882e3c299", "built_at": "2026-09-28"}}, "tree": "0", "index": "index.html", "major": "20", "pages": 1156, "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 6, "source_mode": "en SGML built with pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "4d3346909b201ac1648232cf290462a7070c119326f56196f1f0253ed80fae41", "source_snapshot_utc": "26-Sep-2026 20:22"}, "revision": "2eba5e0fd4c3bffb2803247b6cd537878e9d6ee5a6dfbe3c50ece8b421b80918", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "4d3346909b201ac1648232cf290462a7070c119326f56196f1f0253ed80fae41"}, "sources": [{"url": "https://pg.center/docs/devel/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "file": "app-psql.html", "label": "20devel English manual \u00b7 app-psql.html", "anchor": "APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D", "sha256": "6df5f6fbaff7800ae0e4a08a3116090d890a0cdcc02fddc31c1f220725905f87", "language": "en", "original_url": "/docs/devel/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-D"}], "sections": [], "modifiers": [{"command": "\\d", "modifiers": "Sx+"}], "signature": "\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]", "spellings": ["\\d"], "description": ["\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0e pattern \u5339\u914d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7269\u5316\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff09\u6216\u590d\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8868\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982 NOT NULL \u6216\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u76f8\u5173\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u663e\u793a\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\uff08 \u201c \u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f \u201d \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u6a21\u5f0f \u4e2d\u3002\uff09"], "manual_html": "
\\d[Sx+] [ pattern ]
\n

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\n

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\n

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\u6ce8\u610f

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\n
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For some types of relation, \\\\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\\\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: any comments associated with the columns of the table are shown, as is the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\\\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\\\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\\\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\\\d (because \\\\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\\\d+x is equivalent to \\\\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.\",\n+ \"definition\": \"For each relation (table, view, materialized view, index, sequence, or foreign table) or composite type matching the pattern , show all columns, their types, the tablespace (if not the default) and any special attributes such as NOT NULL or defaults. Associated objects, such as indexes, constraints, rules, triggers, and publications, are also shown. For foreign tables, the associated foreign server is shown as well. ( \u201c Matching the pattern \u201d is defined in Patterns below.) For some types of relation, \\\\d shows additional information for each column: column values for sequences, indexed expressions for indexes, and foreign data wrapper options for foreign tables. The command form \\\\d+ is identical, except that more information is displayed: for example, any comments associated with the columns of the table, the presence of OIDs in the table, the view definition if the relation is a view, a non-default replica identity setting and the access method name if the relation has an access method. By default, only user-created objects are shown; supply a pattern or the S modifier to include system objects. Note If \\\\d is used without a pattern argument, it is equivalent to \\\\dtvmsE which will show a list of all visible tables, views, materialized views, sequences and foreign tables. This is purely a convenience measure. As with many other commands, if x is appended to the command name, the results are displayed in expanded mode, but note that this only applies when \\\\d is used without a pattern argument, and the x modifier cannot appear immediately after the \\\\d (because \\\\dx is a different command); the x modifier may only appear after an S or + modifier. For example, \\\\d+x is equivalent to \\\\dtvmsE+x and will show a list of all relations in expanded mode.\",\n \"modifiers\": [\n {\n \"command\": \"\\\\d\","}}