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"30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "signature": "\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]", "description": ["\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a \u201c agg \u201d \uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001 \u201c normal \u201d \u3001 \u201c procedure \u201d \u3001 \u201c trigger \u201d \u6216 \u201c window \u201d \u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a \u3001 n \u3001 p \u3001 t \u6216 w \u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern \u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \\df+ \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "3df83359167a990f4597dc2486520fe3af8a4918b1e91fb0c0ee8706c1e7e493"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\df"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "label": "16.16", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "16", "release": "16.16", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "revision": "871ba8026d5a12aa5884ac4e6e77369dacd4b2bdbd835b2305f7dbae4ee7b50d", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "signature": "\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]", "description": ["\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a \u201c agg \u201d \uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001 \u201c normal \u201d \u3001 \u201c procedure \u201d \u3001 \u201c trigger \u201d \u6216 \u201c window \u201d \u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a \u3001 n \u3001 p \u3001 t \u6216 w \u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern \u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \\df+ \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e C \u548c internal \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 \\sf \u67e5\u770b\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "314c1566f177cbcf646299c327832eaca6dceaa4b8d02010c0aa8c2c10b9f8b5"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.12"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\df"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "label": "17.12", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "17", "release": "17.12", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "revision": "cdf1f58367ae5412a459972f45d3edc959901a849a12eaac1f08b050ba94663e", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "signature": "\\df[anptwS+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]", "description": ["\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a \u201c agg \u201d \uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001 \u201c normal \u201d \u3001 \u201c procedure \u201d \u3001 \u201c trigger \u201d \u6216 \u201c window \u201d \u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a \u3001 n \u3001 p \u3001 t \u6216 w \u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern \u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \\df+ \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e C \u548c internal \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 \\sf \u67e5\u770b\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "314c1566f177cbcf646299c327832eaca6dceaa4b8d02010c0aa8c2c10b9f8b5"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 18.7"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\df"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "label": "18.7", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "18", "release": "18.7", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "revision": "1b2d62b4845aa46374f2cb680f95d3392322cc8128646992ae4e18d0e7084915", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "signature": "\\df[anptwSx+] [ pattern [ arg_pattern ... ] ]", "description": ["\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u4e3a \u201c agg \u201d \uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3001 \u201c normal \u201d \u3001 \u201c procedure \u201d \u3001 \u201c trigger \u201d \u6216 \u201c window \u201d \u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a \u3001 n \u3001 p \u3001 t \u6216 w \u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern \u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S \u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u53ef\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 x \uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0 + \uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6613\u53d8\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u662f\u5426\u9632\u6f0f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e C \u548c internal \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 \\sf \u67e5\u770b\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "463540b1f5bb6a87e6284c97df28e516b177096935047a9a6bfb5009264a5927"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 19rc2"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\df"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "label": "19rc2", "major": 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\u3002\u8981\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd a \u3001 n \u3001 p \u3001 t \u6216 w \u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9644\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5339\u914d\u3002\uff08\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u591a\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 - \u5199\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a arg_pattern \u3002\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216 S 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\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e \\copy ... to \u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\g filename \u6216 \\g | program \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e \\copy \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684 SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c CSV \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684 \\copy ... from \u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684 \\. \u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53"], "comparison_hash": 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"source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "signature": "\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ] \\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]", "description": ["\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531 psql \u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u5f53\u6307\u5b9a program \u65f6\uff0c command \u7531 psql \u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9 command \u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin 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\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0e COPY \u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a \\copy \u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e \\copy ... to \u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\g filename \u6216 \\g | program \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e \\copy \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684 SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c CSV \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684 \\copy ... from \u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684 \\. \u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53"], "comparison_hash": 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"source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "signature": "\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ] \\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]", "description": ["\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531 psql \u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u5f53\u6307\u5b9a program \u65f6\uff0c command \u7531 psql \u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9 command \u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin \uff0c\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4f1a\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u5230\u4ec5\u5305\u542b \\. \u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5185\u8054\u65b9\u5f0f\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199\u6210 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout \u3002 \u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0e COPY \u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a \\copy \u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e \\copy ... to \u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\g filename \u6216 \\g | program \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e \\copy \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684 SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c CSV \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684 \\copy ... from \u4f1a\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u628a\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u884c\u7684 \\. \u6570\u636e\u503c\u5f53"], "comparison_hash": "747f5c476e56ccc72ffdd71de19cc3baaf52ee49fa4060df47063048ff4d29a9"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\copy"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": "3458c6c18c8d4de5bbf0e6a5e72e5d2a815a2604b1cef6d1ec84491c75e57d2f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "signature": "\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ] \\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]", "description": ["\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531 psql \u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "3bdd142a059fbcf065c73e7fc640960c3f4fca256e61cf83232c7cf8412b2cb7"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.20"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\copy"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "label": "15.20", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "15", "release": "15.20", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "signature": "\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ] \\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]", "description": ["\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531 psql \u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "3bdd142a059fbcf065c73e7fc640960c3f4fca256e61cf83232c7cf8412b2cb7"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\copy"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "label": "16.16", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "16", "release": "16.16", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "revision": "871ba8026d5a12aa5884ac4e6e77369dacd4b2bdbd835b2305f7dbae4ee7b50d", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "signature": "\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ] \\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]", "description": ["\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531 psql \u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "3bdd142a059fbcf065c73e7fc640960c3f4fca256e61cf83232c7cf8412b2cb7"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.12"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\copy"}], "release": {"ref": 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["\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531 psql \u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "3bdd142a059fbcf065c73e7fc640960c3f4fca256e61cf83232c7cf8412b2cb7"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 18.7"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\copy"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "label": "18.7", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "18", "release": "18.7", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "revision": "1b2d62b4845aa46374f2cb680f95d3392322cc8128646992ae4e18d0e7084915", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "signature": "\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ] \\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]", "description": ["\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531 psql \u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "e071767018f7d11f024bce4d06b14a4d3f8ba780a74d277363f0d263427ccc48"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 19rc2"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\copy"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "label": "19rc2", "major": "19", "channel": "preview", "manifest": {"major": "19", "release": "19rc2", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "revision": "cd49a2a98fed04eec7571858125796f86e63613d1985225049f2aa8b0955f256", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "signature": "\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ] \\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]", "description": ["\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531 psql \u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "e071767018f7d11f024bce4d06b14a4d3f8ba780a74d277363f0d263427ccc48"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\copy"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"major": "20", "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "revision": "3cd0885bb4eccdbaac1a21177cc639e9031e54bd8ea6536c45224b5563354ce2", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "signature": "\\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] } from { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdin | pstdin } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ] [ where condition ] \\copy { table [ ( column_list ) ] | ( query ) } to { 'filename' | program 'command' | stdout | pstdout } [ [ with ] ( option [, ...] ) ]", "description": ["\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531 psql \u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u548c\u6743\u9650\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u5f53\u6307\u5b9a program \u65f6\uff0c command \u7531 psql \u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f20\u7ed9 command \u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u9001\u3002\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... from stdin \uff0c\u6570\u636e\u884c\u4f1a\u4ece\u53d1\u51fa\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8bfb\u5230\u4ec5\u5305\u542b \\. \u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u6d41\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u9002\u5408\u5728 SQL \u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5185\u8054\u65b9\u5f0f\u586b\u5145\u8868\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e \\copy ... to stdout \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e0e psql \u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u5370 COPY count \u547d\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u884c\u6df7\u6dc6\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u8bfb\u5199 psql \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6e90\u6216 \\o \u9009\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5199\u6210 from pstdin \u6216 to pstdout \u3002 \u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u9664\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u4e0e COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e \\copy \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5269\u4f59\u884c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a \\copy \u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e \\copy ... to \u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 SQL COPY ... TO STDOUT \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\g filename \u6216 \\g | program \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e0e \\copy \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u547d\u4ee4\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5982\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7684 SQL COPY \u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "e071767018f7d11f024bce4d06b14a4d3f8ba780a74d277363f0d263427ccc48"}}, "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=18", "cells": [{"major": "10", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 10 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=10"}, {"major": "11", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 11 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=11"}, {"major": "12", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 12 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=12"}, {"major": "13", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 13 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=13"}, {"major": "14", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 14 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=14"}, {"major": "15", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 15 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=15"}, {"major": "16", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 16 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=16"}, {"major": "17", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 17 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=17"}, {"major": "18", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 18 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=18"}, {"major": "19", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 19 rc 2 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=19"}, {"major": "20", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 20 devel \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-63-6f-70-79/?v=20"}], "present": true}, {"slug": "cmd-6c-6f-5f-65-78-70-6f-72-74", "name": "\\lo_export", 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'/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me' lo_import 152801 \u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684 lo_import \u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8f4de1ad11cc73ebf020f5c1b20258194df6c45e7cd64f1cf359888ecb510f3a"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": 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"8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "signature": "\\lo_import filename [ comment ]", "description": ["\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me' lo_import 152801 \u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684 lo_import \u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8f4de1ad11cc73ebf020f5c1b20258194df6c45e7cd64f1cf359888ecb510f3a"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\lo_import"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "signature": "\\lo_import filename [ comment ]", "description": ["\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a foo=> \\lo_import '/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf' 'a picture of me' lo_import 152801 \u54cd\u5e94\u8868\u660e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61 ID 152801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ID \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u4e00\u6761\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4eba\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u67e5\u770b OID \u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \\lo_list \u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684 lo_import \u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8f4de1ad11cc73ebf020f5c1b20258194df6c45e7cd64f1cf359888ecb510f3a"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\lo_import"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": "3458c6c18c8d4de5bbf0e6a5e72e5d2a815a2604b1cef6d1ec84491c75e57d2f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "signature": "\\lo_import filename [ comment ]", "description": ["\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "8f4de1ad11cc73ebf020f5c1b20258194df6c45e7cd64f1cf359888ecb510f3a"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.20"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\lo_import"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "label": "15.20", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "15", "release": "15.20", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "signature": "\\lo_import filename [ comment ]", "description": ["\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "8f4de1ad11cc73ebf020f5c1b20258194df6c45e7cd64f1cf359888ecb510f3a"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\lo_import"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "label": "16.16", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "16", "release": "16.16", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "revision": "871ba8026d5a12aa5884ac4e6e77369dacd4b2bdbd835b2305f7dbae4ee7b50d", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "signature": "\\lo_import filename [ comment ]", "description": ["\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "8f4de1ad11cc73ebf020f5c1b20258194df6c45e7cd64f1cf359888ecb510f3a"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.12"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\lo_import"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "label": "17.12", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "17", "release": "17.12", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "revision": "cdf1f58367ae5412a459972f45d3edc959901a849a12eaac1f08b050ba94663e", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "signature": "\\lo_import filename [ comment ]", "description": ["\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "8f4de1ad11cc73ebf020f5c1b20258194df6c45e7cd64f1cf359888ecb510f3a"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 18.7"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\lo_import"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "label": "18.7", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "18", "release": "18.7", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "revision": "1b2d62b4845aa46374f2cb680f95d3392322cc8128646992ae4e18d0e7084915", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "signature": "\\lo_import filename [ comment ]", "description": ["\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a PostgreSQL \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "8f4de1ad11cc73ebf020f5c1b20258194df6c45e7cd64f1cf359888ecb510f3a"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 19rc2"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\lo_import"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "label": "19rc2", "major": "19", "channel": "preview", "manifest": {"major": "19", "release": "19rc2", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "revision": "cd49a2a98fed04eec7571858125796f86e63613d1985225049f2aa8b0955f256", 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\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684 BEGIN / COMMIT \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1 \u7b2c 53.2.2.1 \u8282 \u3002\uff09 psql \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e09\u6761 SELECT \u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46 psql \u53ea\u6253\u5370 3 \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "41433a9d5fa2f877a1a5ed466bb0d3e89d1772170c07646401b56b0b4b72242a"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\;"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": "7422cf53fd1939e7a3d2925231a88b0330e468afa5393627cac0ff86158a0621", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-US.pdf", "bytes": 13322565, "pages": 2958, "sha256": "51f3b04e72907fc38512685946223452ea65f84419c60c66241dfa3396035e77", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "12", "index": "index.html", "major": "12", "pages": 1131, "release": "12.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 2, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "signature": "\\;", "description": ["\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u52a0\u5206\u53f7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002 \u901a\u5e38\uff0c psql \u4e00\u9047\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4ecd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 select 1; select 2; select 3; \u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff1a \\; \uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u524d\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3; \u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u672a\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684 BEGIN / COMMIT \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1 \u7b2c 52.2.2.1 \u8282 \u3002\uff09 psql \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e09\u6761 SELECT \u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46 psql \u53ea\u6253\u5370 3 \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "53446670b504c374578f28053e8a571176e2006e93aaa603adcf9f79dc64aae9"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\;"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "signature": "\\;", "description": ["\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u52a0\u5206\u53f7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002 \u901a\u5e38\uff0c psql \u4e00\u9047\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4ecd\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8f93\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 select 1; select 2; select 3; \u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5206\u53f7\uff1a \\; \uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u547d\u4ee4\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u524d\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 select 1\\; select 2\\; select 3; \u4f1a\u5728\u9047\u5230\u672a\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u5206\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761 SQL \u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u663e\u5f0f\u7684 BEGIN / COMMIT \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1 \u7b2c 52.2.2.1 \u8282 \u3002\uff09 psql \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ea\u6253\u5370\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e09\u6761 SELECT \u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46 psql \u53ea\u6253\u5370 3 \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "53446670b504c374578f28053e8a571176e2006e93aaa603adcf9f79dc64aae9"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\;"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": "3458c6c18c8d4de5bbf0e6a5e72e5d2a815a2604b1cef6d1ec84491c75e57d2f", "evidence_kind": 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"source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "signature": "\\;", "description": ["\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5206\u53f7\u4e0d\u50cf\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "02a4fe8ebf2fafc57d507c6227304a07f754a22a1992a48861af2b790c2c1ce3"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\;"}], "release": {"ref": 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INSERT INTO tbls1 VALUES ($1, $2) \\parse stmt1 \\bind_named stmt1 'first value' 'second value' \\g \u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 \u7b2c 54.1.2 \u8282 \uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e psql \u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u5728 psql \u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6269\u5c55\u67e5\u8be2\u534f\u8bae\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "d9d01fb7ba5e12d0ef1be5a90a7287c81155d001c968a0f72698117a9c9832e3"}}, "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-62-69-6e-64-5f-6e-61-6d-65-64/?v=18", "cells": [{"major": "10", "state": "absent", "label": "\u8be5\u7248\u672a\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 10 \u00b7 \u8be5\u7248\u672a\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-62-69-6e-64-5f-6e-61-6d-65-64/?v=10"}, {"major": "11", "state": "absent", "label": "\u8be5\u7248\u672a\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 11 \u00b7 \u8be5\u7248\u672a\u6536\u5f55", "url": 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"a429097da746d7cc72c4687c6eedc74180a11ef8013888767ed80b807bfb62dc"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\close_prepared"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"major": "20", "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "revision": "3cd0885bb4eccdbaac1a21177cc639e9031e54bd8ea6536c45224b5563354ce2", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "signature": "\\close_prepared prepared_statement_name", "description": 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\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u7684 \\g \u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u3002\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684 \\g \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a \u201c \u4e00\u6b21\u6027 \u201d \u66ff\u4ee3 \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u901a\u5e38\u7531 \\pset \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u9879\u3002 \u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5 | \u5f00\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 command 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"summary": "\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728 my_table \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a", "aliases": ["\\gexec"], "content_hash": "11dfe216bfef97fa30beccb646749100fb1b5c9a37314637e798122d92d5c5eb", "versions": {"10": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 10.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "label": "10.23", "major": "10", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-A4.pdf", "bytes": 12631706, "pages": 2591, "sha256": "34497ab9efb45c5bdf1bd11b9016b5451354feb462fa029cf74557a5fa5fbbc1", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-US.pdf", "bytes": 12531684, "pages": 2724, "sha256": "429cc7133ddf4f97c560aa466dc9caea4b718721a8321e293357037cf0af4733", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "10", "index": "index.html", "major": "10", "pages": 1085, "release": "10.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "revision": "f9301feba91e2e2566038a36b8cee0e4402db68989538f88670fddd20b1f78ea", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u662f my_table \uff1a => SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname) -> FROM pg_attribute -> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0 -> ORDER BY attnum -> \\gexec CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX \u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u7167\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u5217\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u5185\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\u3002NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 ON_ERROR_STOP \u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u53d7 ECHO \u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u9002\u5b9c\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries \u3002\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "3291d77affc2dbcf67a28462d81dac9d9979ae806dcf260dee82d79c1b70dfb3"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": "41d75855e610d0d9b8802b87dc5b080bef8d7e91c7cf69401fbf8d3cf801b4b5", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-US.pdf", "bytes": 12961189, "pages": 2883, "sha256": "6a8899ef36935a5b7ed2b436207564a567a4ef1eb1c2200195876b8de4d4fa30", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "11", "index": "index.html", "major": "11", "pages": 1125, "release": "11.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "revision": "53315ddaf3b3f9e6669fd1edc096bbb2cd4a65ea3e836c89e542b43af9ba3a7f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u662f my_table \uff1a => SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname) -> FROM pg_attribute -> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0 -> ORDER BY attnum -> \\gexec CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX \u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u7167\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u5217\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u5185\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\u3002NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 ON_ERROR_STOP \u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u53d7 ECHO \u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u9002\u5b9c\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries \u3002\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "3291d77affc2dbcf67a28462d81dac9d9979ae806dcf260dee82d79c1b70dfb3"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": "7422cf53fd1939e7a3d2925231a88b0330e468afa5393627cac0ff86158a0621", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-US.pdf", "bytes": 13322565, "pages": 2958, "sha256": "51f3b04e72907fc38512685946223452ea65f84419c60c66241dfa3396035e77", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "12", "index": "index.html", "major": "12", "pages": 1131, "release": "12.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 2, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u662f my_table \uff1a => SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname) -> FROM pg_attribute -> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0 -> ORDER BY attnum -> \\gexec CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX \u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u7167\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u5217\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u5185\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\u3002NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 ON_ERROR_STOP \u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u53d7 ECHO \u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u9002\u5b9c\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries \u3002\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "3291d77affc2dbcf67a28462d81dac9d9979ae806dcf260dee82d79c1b70dfb3"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8868\u662f my_table \uff1a => SELECT format('create index on my_table(%I)', attname) -> FROM pg_attribute -> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0 -> ORDER BY attnum -> \\gexec CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX \u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u7167\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u5217\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u5185\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\u3002NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 ON_ERROR_STOP \u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u53d7 ECHO \u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u9002\u5b9c\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries \u3002\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "3291d77affc2dbcf67a28462d81dac9d9979ae806dcf260dee82d79c1b70dfb3"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": "3458c6c18c8d4de5bbf0e6a5e72e5d2a815a2604b1cef6d1ec84491c75e57d2f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728 my_table \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "4df526f59b23b5fa24e30caba1236c2988d5db04c457b5b38354014b2b052ac6"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.20"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "label": "15.20", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "15", "release": "15.20", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728 my_table \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "4df526f59b23b5fa24e30caba1236c2988d5db04c457b5b38354014b2b052ac6"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "label": "16.16", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "16", "release": "16.16", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "revision": "871ba8026d5a12aa5884ac4e6e77369dacd4b2bdbd835b2305f7dbae4ee7b50d", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728 my_table \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "4df526f59b23b5fa24e30caba1236c2988d5db04c457b5b38354014b2b052ac6"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.12"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "label": "17.12", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "17", "release": "17.12", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "revision": "cdf1f58367ae5412a459972f45d3edc959901a849a12eaac1f08b050ba94663e", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728 my_table \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "4df526f59b23b5fa24e30caba1236c2988d5db04c457b5b38354014b2b052ac6"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 18.7"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "label": "18.7", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "18", "release": "18.7", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "revision": "1b2d62b4845aa46374f2cb680f95d3392322cc8128646992ae4e18d0e7084915", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728 my_table \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "4df526f59b23b5fa24e30caba1236c2988d5db04c457b5b38354014b2b052ac6"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 19rc2"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "label": "19rc2", "major": "19", "channel": "preview", "manifest": {"major": "19", "release": "19rc2", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "revision": "cd49a2a98fed04eec7571858125796f86e63613d1985225049f2aa8b0955f256", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728 my_table \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a"], "comparison_hash": "1b5caf460acb0f383045c2b5d79324acf3663e954932a80f18f8b81df72f397d"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gexec"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"major": "20", "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "revision": "3cd0885bb4eccdbaac1a21177cc639e9031e54bd8ea6536c45224b5563354ce2", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "signature": "\\gexec", "description": ["\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u884c\u6bcf\u5217\u89c6\u4e3a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728 my_table \u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a => SELECT format('CREATE INDEX ON my_table (%I)', attname) -> FROM pg_attribute -> WHERE attrelid = 'my_table'::regclass AND attnum > 0 -> ORDER BY attnum -> \\gexec CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX \u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u7167\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u5217\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u5185\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6267\u884c\u3002NULL \u5b57\u6bb5\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6309\u539f\u6837\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f psql \u5143\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b psql \u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4f59\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 ON_ERROR_STOP \u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u90fd\u53d7 ECHO \u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 \\gexec \u65f6\uff0c\u9002\u5b9c\u5c06 ECHO \u8bbe\u4e3a all \u6216 queries \u3002\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ba1\u65f6\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "1b5caf460acb0f383045c2b5d79324acf3663e954932a80f18f8b81df72f397d"}}, "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=18", "cells": [{"major": "10", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 10 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=10"}, {"major": "11", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 11 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=11"}, {"major": "12", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 12 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=12"}, {"major": "13", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 13 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=13"}, {"major": "14", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 14 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=14"}, {"major": "15", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 15 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=15"}, {"major": "16", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 16 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=16"}, {"major": "17", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 17 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=17"}, {"major": "18", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 18 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=18"}, {"major": "19", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 19 rc 2 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=19"}, {"major": "20", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 20 devel \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-67-65-78-65-63/?v=20"}], "present": true}, {"slug": "cmd-67-73-65-74", "name": "\\gset", "name_zh": "", "category": "\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c", 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"bytes": 12631706, "pages": 2591, "sha256": "34497ab9efb45c5bdf1bd11b9016b5451354feb462fa029cf74557a5fa5fbbc1", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-US.pdf", "bytes": 12531684, "pages": 2724, "sha256": "429cc7133ddf4f97c560aa466dc9caea4b718721a8321e293357037cf0af4733", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "10", "index": "index.html", "major": "10", "pages": 1085, "release": "10.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "revision": "f9301feba91e2e2566038a36b8cee0e4402db68989538f88670fddd20b1f78ea", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "signature": "\\gset [ prefix ]", "description": 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NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "37f3146cc883e7ea7db099a1017a0546bc909bc21a15071d93938f807a1d76fd"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gset"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": 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NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "37f3146cc883e7ea7db099a1017a0546bc909bc21a15071d93938f807a1d76fd"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gset"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": 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NULL\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u597d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6539\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "37f3146cc883e7ea7db099a1017a0546bc909bc21a15071d93938f807a1d76fd"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\gset"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": 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\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u6216\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u6709\u5173\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u73af\u5883 \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "260a48200affa3a517351b27958343b42b7784eccf961665afe784575e586343"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\ef"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": "41d75855e610d0d9b8802b87dc5b080bef8d7e91c7cf69401fbf8d3cf801b4b5", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-US.pdf", "bytes": 12961189, "pages": 2883, 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\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "cbe92f1867f3b0aa64a21f7f6c46e7acbd5acc88e0e35cb74f88f46308ea44ad"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\ef"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "signature": "\\ef [ function_description [ line_number ] ]", "description": ["\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION \u6216 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e \\edit \u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216 \\g \u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528 \\r \u53d6\u6d88\u3002 \u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u51fa\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 foo(integer, text) \u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684 CREATE FUNCTION \u6a21\u677f\u4f9b\u7f16\u8f91\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u884c\u53f7\uff0c psql 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\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216 \\g \u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528 \\r \u53d6\u6d88\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "c6f53578cbd03f42a5ee2d84af67e951894977f92c34d928eb87890b8e81638e"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.20"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\ef"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "label": "15.20", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "15", "release": "15.20", "source_url": 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\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5b83\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u952e\u5165\u5206\u53f7\u6216 \\g \u53d1\u9001\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u7528 \\r \u53d6\u6d88\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "c6f53578cbd03f42a5ee2d84af67e951894977f92c34d928eb87890b8e81638e"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\ef"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "label": "16.16", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "16", "release": "16.16", "source_url": 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\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "332b556bd19a6e33dbaf6c306a5db2ff1a03973749c5b326979f39ffaf2b6fe7"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\echo"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": 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\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528 \\qecho \u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605 \\warn \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "1d2032e9f54477cd4983e83ea7169a58bf142fbe610fe1492b3d64f61f90d972"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\echo"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": 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["\u5c06\u6c42\u503c\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5370\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u4fe1\u606f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a => \\echo `date` Tue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999 \u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7\u7684 -n \uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u5c3e\u968f\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 \\o \u547d\u4ee4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u67e5\u8be2\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u7528 \\qecho \u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605 \\warn \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "1d2032e9f54477cd4983e83ea7169a58bf142fbe610fe1492b3d64f61f90d972"}}, "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=18", "cells": [{"major": "10", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 10 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=10"}, {"major": "11", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 11 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=11"}, {"major": "12", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 12 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=12"}, {"major": "13", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 13 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=13"}, {"major": "14", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 14 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=14"}, {"major": "15", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 15 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=15"}, {"major": "16", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 16 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=16"}, {"major": "17", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 17 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=17"}, {"major": "18", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 18 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=18"}, {"major": "19", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 19 rc 2 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=19"}, {"major": "20", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 20 devel \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-63-68-6f/?v=20"}], "present": true}, {"slug": "cmd-65-6c-69-66", "name": "\\elif", "name_zh": "", "category": "\u811a\u672c\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9", "summary": 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"historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-A4.pdf", "bytes": 12631706, "pages": 2591, "sha256": "34497ab9efb45c5bdf1bd11b9016b5451354feb462fa029cf74557a5fa5fbbc1", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-US.pdf", "bytes": 12531684, "pages": 2724, "sha256": "429cc7133ddf4f97c560aa466dc9caea4b718721a8321e293357037cf0af4733", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "10", "index": "index.html", "major": "10", "pages": 1085, "release": "10.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "revision": "f9301feba91e2e2566038a36b8cee0e4402db68989538f88670fddd20b1f78ea", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": "41d75855e610d0d9b8802b87dc5b080bef8d7e91c7cf69401fbf8d3cf801b4b5", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-US.pdf", "bytes": 12961189, "pages": 2883, "sha256": "6a8899ef36935a5b7ed2b436207564a567a4ef1eb1c2200195876b8de4d4fa30", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "11", "index": "index.html", "major": "11", "pages": 1125, "release": "11.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "revision": "53315ddaf3b3f9e6669fd1edc096bbb2cd4a65ea3e836c89e542b43af9ba3a7f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": "7422cf53fd1939e7a3d2925231a88b0330e468afa5393627cac0ff86158a0621", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-US.pdf", "bytes": 13322565, "pages": 2958, "sha256": "51f3b04e72907fc38512685946223452ea65f84419c60c66241dfa3396035e77", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "12", "index": "index.html", "major": "12", "pages": 1131, "release": "12.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 2, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": "3458c6c18c8d4de5bbf0e6a5e72e5d2a815a2604b1cef6d1ec84491c75e57d2f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.20"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "label": "15.20", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "15", "release": "15.20", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "label": "16.16", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "16", "release": "16.16", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "revision": "871ba8026d5a12aa5884ac4e6e77369dacd4b2bdbd835b2305f7dbae4ee7b50d", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.12"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "label": "17.12", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "17", "release": "17.12", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "revision": "cdf1f58367ae5412a459972f45d3edc959901a849a12eaac1f08b050ba94663e", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 18.7"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "label": "18.7", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "18", "release": "18.7", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "revision": "1b2d62b4845aa46374f2cb680f95d3392322cc8128646992ae4e18d0e7084915", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 19rc2"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "label": "19rc2", "major": "19", "channel": "preview", "manifest": {"major": "19", "release": "19rc2", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "revision": "cd49a2a98fed04eec7571858125796f86e63613d1985225049f2aa8b0955f256", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "2fa0e95773c574cd8d1dcb28da1c7b9e69ffe9397735cafd621ba82f01e7cc31"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\elif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"major": "20", "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "revision": "3cd0885bb4eccdbaac1a21177cc639e9031e54bd8ea6536c45224b5563354ce2", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) AS is_customer, EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employe"], "comparison_hash": "2fa0e95773c574cd8d1dcb28da1c7b9e69ffe9397735cafd621ba82f01e7cc31"}}, "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=18", "cells": [{"major": "10", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 10 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=10"}, {"major": "11", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 11 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=11"}, {"major": "12", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 12 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=12"}, {"major": "13", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 13 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=13"}, {"major": "14", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 14 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=14"}, {"major": "15", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 15 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=15"}, {"major": "16", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 16 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=16"}, {"major": "17", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 17 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=17"}, {"major": "18", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 18 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=18"}, {"major": "19", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 19 rc 2 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=19"}, {"major": "20", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 20 devel \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-69-66/?v=20"}], "present": true}, {"slug": "cmd-65-6c-73-65", "name": "\\else", "name_zh": "", "category": "\u811a\u672c\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9", "summary": "\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002", "aliases": ["\\else"], "content_hash": "c1efda46f6df080486fbc234cdd5f2c928b9ddcaf169290b84f98e2389fba386", "versions": {"10": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 10.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "label": "10.23", "major": "10", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-A4.pdf", "bytes": 12631706, "pages": 2591, "sha256": "34497ab9efb45c5bdf1bd11b9016b5451354feb462fa029cf74557a5fa5fbbc1", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-US.pdf", "bytes": 12531684, "pages": 2724, "sha256": "429cc7133ddf4f97c560aa466dc9caea4b718721a8321e293357037cf0af4733", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "10", "index": "index.html", "major": "10", "pages": 1085, "release": "10.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "revision": "f9301feba91e2e2566038a36b8cee0e4402db68989538f88670fddd20b1f78ea", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": "41d75855e610d0d9b8802b87dc5b080bef8d7e91c7cf69401fbf8d3cf801b4b5", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-US.pdf", "bytes": 12961189, "pages": 2883, "sha256": "6a8899ef36935a5b7ed2b436207564a567a4ef1eb1c2200195876b8de4d4fa30", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "11", "index": "index.html", "major": "11", "pages": 1125, "release": "11.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "revision": "53315ddaf3b3f9e6669fd1edc096bbb2cd4a65ea3e836c89e542b43af9ba3a7f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": "7422cf53fd1939e7a3d2925231a88b0330e468afa5393627cac0ff86158a0621", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-US.pdf", "bytes": 13322565, "pages": 2958, "sha256": "51f3b04e72907fc38512685946223452ea65f84419c60c66241dfa3396035e77", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "12", "index": "index.html", "major": "12", "pages": 1131, "release": "12.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 2, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": "3458c6c18c8d4de5bbf0e6a5e72e5d2a815a2604b1cef6d1ec84491c75e57d2f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.20"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "label": "15.20", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "15", "release": "15.20", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "label": "16.16", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "16", "release": "16.16", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "revision": "871ba8026d5a12aa5884ac4e6e77369dacd4b2bdbd835b2305f7dbae4ee7b50d", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.12"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "label": "17.12", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "17", "release": "17.12", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "revision": "cdf1f58367ae5412a459972f45d3edc959901a849a12eaac1f08b050ba94663e", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 18.7"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "label": "18.7", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "18", "release": "18.7", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "revision": "1b2d62b4845aa46374f2cb680f95d3392322cc8128646992ae4e18d0e7084915", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 19rc2"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "label": "19rc2", "major": "19", "channel": "preview", "manifest": {"major": "19", "release": "19rc2", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "revision": "cd49a2a98fed04eec7571858125796f86e63613d1985225049f2aa8b0955f256", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "2fa0e95773c574cd8d1dcb28da1c7b9e69ffe9397735cafd621ba82f01e7cc31"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\else"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"major": "20", "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "revision": "3cd0885bb4eccdbaac1a21177cc639e9031e54bd8ea6536c45224b5563354ce2", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif 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\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) AS is_customer, EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employe"], "comparison_hash": "2fa0e95773c574cd8d1dcb28da1c7b9e69ffe9397735cafd621ba82f01e7cc31"}}, "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=18", "cells": [{"major": "10", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 10 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=10"}, {"major": "11", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 11 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=11"}, {"major": "12", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 12 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=12"}, {"major": "13", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 13 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=13"}, {"major": "14", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 14 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=14"}, {"major": "15", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 15 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=15"}, {"major": "16", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 16 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=16"}, {"major": "17", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 17 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=17"}, {"major": "18", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 18 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=18"}, {"major": "19", "state": "changed", "label": "\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "title": "PostgreSQL 19 rc 2 \u00b7 \u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5316", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=19"}, {"major": "20", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 20 devel \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-65-6c-73-65/?v=20"}], "present": true}, {"slug": "cmd-65-6e-64-69-66", "name": "\\endif", "name_zh": "", "category": "\u811a\u672c\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9", "summary": "\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002", "aliases": ["\\endif"], "content_hash": "ecbc1f9282e20363a19ac6b5c2cff5724e7f5cf41966e8353fb92cd93009fa31", "versions": {"10": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 10.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "label": "10.23", "major": "10", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-A4.pdf", "bytes": 12631706, "pages": 2591, "sha256": "34497ab9efb45c5bdf1bd11b9016b5451354feb462fa029cf74557a5fa5fbbc1", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-US.pdf", "bytes": 12531684, "pages": 2724, "sha256": "429cc7133ddf4f97c560aa466dc9caea4b718721a8321e293357037cf0af4733", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "10", "index": "index.html", "major": "10", "pages": 1085, "release": "10.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "revision": "f9301feba91e2e2566038a36b8cee0e4402db68989538f88670fddd20b1f78ea", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "94a4b2528372458e5662c18d406629266667c437198160a18cdfd2c4a4d6eee9"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": "41d75855e610d0d9b8802b87dc5b080bef8d7e91c7cf69401fbf8d3cf801b4b5", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-US.pdf", "bytes": 12961189, "pages": 2883, "sha256": "6a8899ef36935a5b7ed2b436207564a567a4ef1eb1c2200195876b8de4d4fa30", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "11", "index": "index.html", "major": "11", "pages": 1125, "release": "11.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 0, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "revision": "53315ddaf3b3f9e6669fd1edc096bbb2cd4a65ea3e836c89e542b43af9ba3a7f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "2cb7c97d7a0d7278851bbc9c61f467b69c094c72b81740b751108e7892ebe1f0"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": "7422cf53fd1939e7a3d2925231a88b0330e468afa5393627cac0ff86158a0621", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-US.pdf", "bytes": 13322565, "pages": 2958, "sha256": "51f3b04e72907fc38512685946223452ea65f84419c60c66241dfa3396035e77", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "12", "index": "index.html", "major": "12", "pages": 1131, "release": "12.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 2, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": "3458c6c18c8d4de5bbf0e6a5e72e5d2a815a2604b1cef6d1ec84491c75e57d2f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.20"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "label": "15.20", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "15", "release": "15.20", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "label": "16.16", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "16", "release": "16.16", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "revision": "871ba8026d5a12aa5884ac4e6e77369dacd4b2bdbd835b2305f7dbae4ee7b50d", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.12"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "label": "17.12", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "17", "release": "17.12", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "revision": "cdf1f58367ae5412a459972f45d3edc959901a849a12eaac1f08b050ba94663e", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 18.7"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "label": "18.7", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "18", "release": "18.7", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "revision": "1b2d62b4845aa46374f2cb680f95d3392322cc8128646992ae4e18d0e7084915", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 19rc2"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "label": "19rc2", "major": "19", "channel": "preview", "manifest": {"major": "19", "release": "19rc2", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "revision": "cd49a2a98fed04eec7571858125796f86e63613d1985225049f2aa8b0955f256", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "2fa0e95773c574cd8d1dcb28da1c7b9e69ffe9397735cafd621ba82f01e7cc31"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\endif"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"major": "20", "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "revision": "3cd0885bb4eccdbaac1a21177cc639e9031e54bd8ea6536c45224b5563354ce2", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT 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\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "695dec210b67e0244446bfdc098b2b1581a39d38f97f8c4cb78ed6874ce1106f"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\i"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": "41d75855e610d0d9b8802b87dc5b080bef8d7e91c7cf69401fbf8d3cf801b4b5", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-US.pdf", "bytes": 12961189, "pages": 2883, "sha256": "6a8899ef36935a5b7ed2b436207564a567a4ef1eb1c2200195876b8de4d4fa30", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "11", 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\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "695dec210b67e0244446bfdc098b2b1581a39d38f97f8c4cb78ed6874ce1106f"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\i"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": 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\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "695dec210b67e0244446bfdc098b2b1581a39d38f97f8c4cb78ed6874ce1106f"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\i"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": "3458c6c18c8d4de5bbf0e6a5e72e5d2a815a2604b1cef6d1ec84491c75e57d2f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "signature": "\\i or \\include filename", "description": ["\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6 filename \u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "695dec210b67e0244446bfdc098b2b1581a39d38f97f8c4cb78ed6874ce1106f"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.20"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\i"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "label": "15.20", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "15", "release": "15.20", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": 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and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "signature": "\\i or \\include filename", "description": ["\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6 filename \u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u5728\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "695dec210b67e0244446bfdc098b2b1581a39d38f97f8c4cb78ed6874ce1106f"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.12"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\i"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "label": "17.12", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "17", "release": "17.12", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "revision": 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\u5143\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u5165\u4ea4\u9519\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u542f\u7528\u4e86 Readline\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u624d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 Readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "695dec210b67e0244446bfdc098b2b1581a39d38f97f8c4cb78ed6874ce1106f"}}, "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-69/?v=18", "cells": [{"major": "10", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 10 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-69/?v=10"}, {"major": "11", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 11 \u00b7 \u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-69/?v=11"}, {"major": "12", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": 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\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002", "aliases": ["\\if"], "content_hash": "c12fd7a43acb0bef7319545c5e32840a33610f537a55c539cf8827f3ec44f2ad", "versions": {"10": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 10.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.23/postgresql-10.23.tar.bz2", "label": "10.23", "major": "10", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-A4.pdf", "bytes": 12631706, "pages": 2591, "sha256": "34497ab9efb45c5bdf1bd11b9016b5451354feb462fa029cf74557a5fa5fbbc1", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/10/postgresql-10-US.pdf", "bytes": 12531684, "pages": 2724, "sha256": 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\\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "11": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 11.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v11.22/postgresql-11.22.tar.bz2", "label": "11.22", "major": "11", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/11/postgresql-11-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13057499, "pages": 2732, "sha256": "41d75855e610d0d9b8802b87dc5b080bef8d7e91c7cf69401fbf8d3cf801b4b5", "built_at": 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\\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "12": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 12.22"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "label": "12.22", "major": "12", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13424351, "pages": 2803, "sha256": "7422cf53fd1939e7a3d2925231a88b0330e468afa5393627cac0ff86158a0621", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/12/postgresql-12-US.pdf", "bytes": 13322565, "pages": 2958, "sha256": "51f3b04e72907fc38512685946223452ea65f84419c60c66241dfa3396035e77", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "12", "index": "index.html", "major": "12", "pages": 1131, "release": "12.22", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.22/postgresql-12.22.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 2, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "revision": "7a827e97cbfacd7febff75f34443e2043e40723de5b6d8c9d81a9430b65a37e4", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "8df3c0474782589d3c6f374b5133b1bd14d168086edbc13c6e72e67dd4527a3b"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": "13", "index": "index.html", "major": "13", "pages": 1139, "release": "13.23", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "svg_assets": 3, "source_mode": "en HTML verified against the pinned official archive", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "revision": "614ee3133270254e476c118cdf6f72af78d4e4b8bbd9b28ed9ab1e14e4e9c0f6", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "6ec3c82726af92b7dec873fa1cdf881eca92a4219787dfad05acb6b10e041fd6"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4ecd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u5d4c\u5957\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) as is_customer, EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM employee W"], "comparison_hash": "6bc5a2ad59a45dac61053f17cb85dc6a6d3d73cf2b911344c3471f21f2d9273d"}, "14": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 14.25"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "label": "14.25", "major": "14", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "14", "release": "14.25", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v14.25/postgresql-14.25.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "revision": "3458c6c18c8d4de5bbf0e6a5e72e5d2a815a2604b1cef6d1ec84491c75e57d2f", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "09af980eb3a5d0a8ad7a34b95031b1988bbcd430c87700a62d6234c0ed97ae4c"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "15": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 15.20"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "label": "15.20", "major": "15", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "15", "release": "15.20", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v15.20/postgresql-15.20.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "revision": "6d870676353ceb5b021cc09084428ae294e90804236e38ffe556364784ee5fe5", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "30e65cbbb771a39b553ed2df7e65622e65647aed55dbc19bd0fe853ff0a08442"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "16": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 16.16"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "label": "16.16", "major": "16", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "16", "release": "16.16", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.16/postgresql-16.16.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "revision": "871ba8026d5a12aa5884ac4e6e77369dacd4b2bdbd835b2305f7dbae4ee7b50d", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9d5cd8633043b75740d5d59749c6b7365e6aeb53c47098b1a5e80bb18f87881a"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "17": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 17.12"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "label": "17.12", "major": "17", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "17", "release": "17.12", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.12/postgresql-17.12.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "revision": "cdf1f58367ae5412a459972f45d3edc959901a849a12eaac1f08b050ba94663e", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "9cf136a703d8ee2f83465c43be4e9e8e7930c82b0bfba13be7e2537be769ac55"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "18": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 18.7"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "label": "18.7", "major": "18", "channel": "stable", "manifest": {"major": "18", "release": "18.7", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v18.7/postgresql-18.7.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "revision": "1b2d62b4845aa46374f2cb680f95d3392322cc8128646992ae4e18d0e7084915", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "441dfae4280cae3e0425e5f876f80559fb0731c140f1aae22b3e5a54d0411bfd"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "8ce3164f0726c6db12fcfde01f634f006acec0974c0cbadae292d925e62cd49a"}, "19": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 19rc2"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "label": "19rc2", "major": "19", "channel": "preview", "manifest": {"major": "19", "release": "19rc2", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v19rc2/postgresql-19rc2.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "revision": "cd49a2a98fed04eec7571858125796f86e63613d1985225049f2aa8b0955f256", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "23a7bb862e4bac395c047305ed0084117b01e71255ce858b907cdcd78ce40351"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002"], "comparison_hash": "2fa0e95773c574cd8d1dcb28da1c7b9e69ffe9397735cafd621ba82f01e7cc31"}, "20": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 20devel"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\if"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "label": "20devel", "major": "20", "channel": "devel", "manifest": {"major": "20", "release": "20devel", "source_url": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/snapshot/dev/postgresql-snapshot.tar.bz2", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "revision": "3cd0885bb4eccdbaac1a21177cc639e9031e54bd8ea6536c45224b5563354ce2", "evidence_kind": "English manual and source declarations", "source_sha256": "49c73aa4c9cacef8ca979276a28ac416c08e9e54c9baee4ae5fd116a35fa13ac"}, "signature": "\\if expression \\elif expression \\else \\endif", "description": ["\u8fd9\u7ec4\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u3002\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5 \\if \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5 \\endif \u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 \\elif \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a \\else \u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \\if \u548c \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u4e3a true \uff0c\u5219\u6b63\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u540e\u7eed\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u6216 \\endif \u3002\u4e00\u65e6 \\if \u6216 \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684 \\if \u548c \\elif \u6d4b\u8bd5\u90fd\u672a\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 \\else \u540e\u9762\u7684\u884c\u3002 \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c \\if \u6216 \\elif \u547d\u4ee4\u7684 expression \u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u503c\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5f00/\u5173\u9009\u9879\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u503c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e14\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff1a true \u3001 false \u3001 1 \u3001 0 \u3001 on \u3001 off \u3001 yes \u3001 no \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c t \u3001 T \u548c tR \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a true \u3002 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6c42\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\u6216\u5047\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5047\u3002 \u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\uff08 \\if \u3001 \\elif \u3001 \\else \u3001 \\endif \uff09\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ec5\u68c0\u67e5\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u6761\u4ef6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8df3\u8fc7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u5757\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 \\include \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe EOF \u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u672c\u5730 \\if \u5757\u672a\u5173\u95ed\uff0c psql \u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002 \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a -- \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 -- \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 psql \u53d8\u91cf SELECT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM customer WHERE customer_id = 123) AS is_customer, EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM employe"], "comparison_hash": "2fa0e95773c574cd8d1dcb28da1c7b9e69ffe9397735cafd621ba82f01e7cc31"}}, "url": "/wiki/psql/cmd-69-66/?v=18", "cells": [{"major": "10", "state": "present", "label": "\u5df2\u6536\u5f55", "title": "PostgreSQL 10 \u00b7 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\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u88ab\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf ECHO \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a all \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "695dec210b67e0244446bfdc098b2b1581a39d38f97f8c4cb78ed6874ce1106f"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\include"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, "sha256": "171cc09f90936dbc1cbd503a98ff07ae72ea58ab9771ff051313f1217737799c", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}, "US": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-US.pdf", "bytes": 13739572, "pages": 2984, "sha256": "48d09c6e197d9db4220f41afe83efe848a8661b1b168d3b89419751ecaf6c24d", "built_at": "2026-09-26"}}, "tree": 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\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u683c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \\d \uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002 \u63d0\u793a \u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\qecho \u3002"], "comparison_hash": "0eda1bf36a0ebb2330c184debf875d5e118947f3a4cedc0d73e41ffe08a6bf50"}, "13": {"facts": [{"label": "\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef", "value": "psql 13.23"}, {"label": "\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\u5199\u6cd5", "value": "\\o"}], "release": {"ref": "https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v13.23/postgresql-13.23.tar.bz2", "label": "13.23", "major": "13", "channel": "historical", "manifest": {"pdf": {"A4": {"url": "/files/documentation/pdf/13/postgresql-13-A4.pdf", "bytes": 13843239, "pages": 2826, 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